Assessing Concordance of Results: A Comparative Study of the Manual and Automated Urinalysis Methods

Table 1

Agreement between manual and automated urinalysis based on urine colour and appearance.

Variable					value
Colour	Manual
Automated	Amber	Light amber	Straw
Amber	1 (25.0)	0 (0.0)	3 (6.0)
Light amber	0 (0.0)	16 (72.7)	6 (9.0)	0.711	<0.001
Straw	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	41 (82.0)
Appearance	Manual
Automated	Clear	Cloudy	Hazy
Clear	40 (64.5)	1 (1.6)	21 (30.8)
Cloudy	0 (0.0)	1 (33.3)	0 (0.0)	0.193	0.004
Hazy	0 (0.0)	1 (16.7)	3 (12.0)

The data were shown as (%). The bold numbers indicate samples with the same result agreement. value > 0.05, Kappa is not significant and there is no agreement between methods.