Research Article
Assessing Frailty in the General Medical Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in Northern Malaysia: The FRAIL Scale or the Clinical Frailty Scale
Table 3
Patient characteristics and their prevalence of frailty by the FRAIL scale and the clinical frailty scale.
| | N | Prevalence of frailty | Ratio of prevalence | | FRAIL scale, n (%) | Clinical frailty scale, n (%) |
| Age | ≤70 | 47 | 6 (12.8%) | 2 (4.3%) | 0.102 | 0.219 | >70 | 48 | 11 (22.9%) | 19 (39.6%) | 1.729 | 0.039 |
| Gender | Female | 45 | 8 (17.8%) | 10 (22.2%) | 1.247 | 0.754 | Male | 50 | 9 (18.0%) | 11 (22.0%) | 1.222 | 0.727 |
| Ethnicity | Malay | 34 | 1 (2.9%) | 5 (14.7%) | 5.069 | 0.125 | Chinese | 42 | 9 (21.4%) | 12 (28.6%) | 1.336 | 0.508 | Indian | 19 | 7 (36.8%) | 4 (21.1%) | 0.573 | 0.375 |
| Educational level | Never attended school/primary school | 52 | 12 (23.1%) | 14 (26.9%) | 1.165 | 0.774 | Secondary school/tertiary education | 43 | 5 (11.6%) | 7 (16.3%) | 1.405 | 0.687 |
| Comorbidities | Hypertension | 80 | 17 (21.3%) | 19 (23.8%) | 1.117 | 0.804 | Diabetes mellitus | 53 | 15 (28.3%) | 16 (30.2%) | 1.067 | >0.999 | Ischaemic heart disease | 48 | 15 (31.3%) | 8 (16.7%) | 0.534 | 0.016 | Chronic kidney disease | 33 | 10 (30.3%) | 9 (27.3%) | 0.901 | >0.999 | Arthritis | 30 | 7 (23.3%) | 10 (26.7%) | 1.145 | >0.999 | Congestive cardiac failure | 23 | 10 (43.5%) | 8 (34.8%) | 0.800 | 0.687 | Stroke | 19 | 5 (26.3%) | 9 (47.4%) | 1.802 | 0.125 |
| Other geriatric syndromes and psychosocial issues | IADLa dependent | 55 | 14 (25.5%) | 20 (24.4%) | 0.957 | 0.180 | Visual impairment | 32 | 8 (25.0%) | 12 (37.5%) | 1.500 | 0.334 | Hearing impairment | 21 | 4 (19.0%) | 9 (42.9%) | 2.258 | 0.125 | Polypharmacy | 77 | 17 (22.1%) | 18 (23.4%) | 1.059 | >0.999 | Urinary incontinence | 13 | 4 (30.8%) | 6 (46.2%) | 1.500 | 0.625 | Fall ≥1 for the previous year | 19 | 4 (21.1%) | 6 (31.6%) | 1.497 | 0.625 | Admission ≥1 for the previous year | 21 | 8 (38.1%) | 7 (33.3%) | 0.874 | >0.999 | Low mood | 29 | 7 (24.1%) | 11 (37.9%) | 1.573 | 0.388 | Poor social support | 5 | 2 (40.0%) | 1 (20.0%) | 0.500 | >0.999 |
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aInstrumental activities of daily living.
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