Research Article

Molecular Docking, Dynamics Simulations, ADMET, and DFT Calculations: Combined In Silico Approach to Screen Natural Inhibitors of 3CL and PL Proteases of SARS-CoV-2

Table 7

Predicted toxicity of the selected ligands.

PropertyGlycyrrhizinRutinNaringinViolaxanthin

AMES toxicity (yes/no)NoNoNoNo
Max. tolerated dose in human (log mg/kg/day)0.3890.4520.43-0.384
hERG I inhibitor (yes/no)NoNoNoNo
hERG II inhibitor (yes/no)NoYesYesNo
Oral rat acute toxicity (LD50) (mol/kg)2.482.4912.4952.132
Oral rat chronic toxicity (LOAEL) (log mg/kg_bw/day)5.8893.6734.2022.054
Hepatotoxicity (yes/no)NoNoNoNo
Skin sensitization (yes/no)NoNoNoNo
T. pyriformis toxicity (log g/L)0.2850.2850.2850.308
Minnow toxicity (log mM)5.5917.6776.042-2.492