Research Article
Investigating the Relationship between Smoking and Panic Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study among US Adults
Table 2
OR of different variables associated with panic disorder.
| Variable | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | value |
| Agea | 1.019 [0.956-1.086] | >0.05 | Smoking cigarettes | | | No | Reference | | Yes | 4.396 [2.032-9.513] | <0.001 | Smoking cigarettes frequency | | | Frequently smokes | Reference | | Occasionally smokes | 0.275 [0.084-0.902] | <0.05 | Never smokes | 0.180 [0.055-0.591] | <0.05 | Smoking pipe | | | No | Reference | | Yes | 2.41 [0.67-8.67] | 0.17 | Smoking cigar | | | No | Reference | | Yes | 0.75 [0.27-2.12] | 0.58 | Alcohol consumption | | | No | Reference | | Yes | 2.196 [1.046-4.609] | <0.05 | Gender | | | Female | Reference | | Male | 0.512 [0.269-0.977] | <0.05 | Ethnicity/race | | | Non-Hispanic White | Reference | | Non-Hispanic Black | 0.844 [0.365-1.953] | >0.05 | Hispanic | 0.822 [0.328-2.064] | >0.05 | Education | | | Less than 12 years | Reference | | More than 12 years | 0.879 [0.464-1.665] | >0.05 | Marital status | | | Not married | Reference | | Married | 0.433 [0.233-0.805] | <0.05 | Income status | | | Below poverty | Reference | | Above poverty | 0.419 [0.218-0.803] | <0.05 | Physically active | | | No | Reference | | Yes | 0.823 [0.336-2.011] | >0.05 |
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aEach 1 year increase in age.
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