Investigating the Relationship between Smoking and Panic Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study among US Adults

Table 3

Adjusted OR of the relationship between smoking and panic disorder.

Outcomes	Model 1^a OR (95% CI)	value	Model 2^b OR (95% CI)	value
Smoking cigarettes
No	Reference		Reference
Yes	4.65 [2.09-10.37]		2.89 [1.30-6.42]
Smoking cigarettes frequency
Frequently smokes	Reference		Reference
Occasionally smokes	0.28 [0.09-0.92]		0.37 [0.11-1.15]
Never smokes	0.16 [0.05-0.53]		0.30 [0.09-1.00]
Smoking pipe
No	Reference		Reference
Yes	3.50 [0.96-10.73]		1.66 [0.34-8.08]
Smoking cigar
No	Reference		Reference
Yes	1.09 [0.35-3.40]		0.30 [0.07-1.24]

^aAdjusted for age and sex. ^bFurther adjusted for age, sex, and covariates with value < 0.2 in univariate analysis.