|
Variable | Description | Source | Range |
|
Dependent variables |
LI | Labor institutional distance between a pair of recipient and giver, calculated based on scores reported for labor market regulation | EFW | [−6, 6] |
HRMW_LI | Subscores for hiring regulations and minimum wage in bilateral distance measures |
HFR_LI | Subscores for hiring and firing regulations in bilateral distance measures |
CCB_LI | Subscores for centralized collective bargaining rights in bilateral distance measures |
HR_LI | Subscores for hours regulations in bilateral distance measures |
MCWD_LI | Subscores for the mandated cost of worker dismissal in bilateral distance measures |
CONS_LI | Subscores for conscription in bilateral distance measures |
|
Independent variables |
Actual_Aid | Actual bilateral aid flow over the recipient’s GDP | AidData | % |
Predicted_Aid | Predicted bilateral aid flow over the recipient’s GDP |
|
Control variables |
LN_GDP | Ln of GDP in bilateral distance measures | World Bank’s World Development Indicators Database | |
LN_GDPC | Ln of GDP per capita in bilateral distance measures | |
Trade | Total trade volume over GDP in bilateral distance measures | |
LifeExp | The average life expectancy in bilateral distance measures | |
Urban | Urban population over total population in bilateral distance measures | |
|
Instrumental variables |
ND | Ln of the number of occurrences of natural disasters plus 1 | The International Disasters Database | Ln (n + 1) |
AF | Ln of the number of people affected by natural disasters plus 1 | Ln (n + 1) |
TR | Ln of the number of terrorist attacks on recipient countries plus 1 | Global Terrorism Database | Ln (n + 1) |
|