Research Article
Competition, Survival Issue, and Performance Constraints of Banks: Evidence from Ethiopian Private Commercial Banks
Table 1
List of variables and their measurement.
| | Description | Proxy tools | Description of ratio |
| Camel approach | Capital adequacy | CAR | Capital adequacy ratio = | TCTA | Total capital/total assets | DER | Debt/equity ratio | Assets quality | LLP/TL | LLP/total loan | TL/TA | Total loan/total assets | TI/TA | Total investment/total assets | Management efficiency | NP/Em | Net profit/no. of employees | NIETE | Noninterest expense/total expense | TL/TD | Total loan/total deposits | TL/Bra | Total loan/no. branches | Earning quality | TInc/TA | Total income/total assets | NI/E | Net income/equity | NII/TA | Net-interest income/total assets | II/Tinc | Interest income/total income | Liquidity position | TLA/TD | Total liquid assets/total deposits | Cash/TD | Cash/total deposits |
| Financial performance | Profitability | ROA | Net income/total assets | NIM | Interest income-interest expense total assets |
| DEA variables | Input variables | Output variables | Interest expense | Interest income | Operating expense | Noninterest income | Deposits | Loans | Capital | Investment | Labor | |
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