Research Article
Validation of Difficult Airway Physiological Score (DAPS) in Critically Ill Adults Undergoing Endotracheal Intubation in the Emergency Department
Table 3
Emergency department intubation characteristics among patients as per difficult airway physiological score status.
| Characteristics | Risk stratification as per DAPS | value | High risk ≥10 (194) | Low risk <10 (132) |
| Age (years) | 52 (SD = ± 18) | 47.7 (SD = ± 17.4) | <0.001 |
| Age groups | <45 years | 68 [35.1%] | 60 [45.5%] | <0.059 | ≥45 years | 126 [64.9%] | 72 [54.5%] |
| Gender | Male | 126 [64.9%] | 77 [58.3%] | 0.226 | Female | 68 [35.1%] | 55 [41.7%] |
| Shift | Morning (8AM–4PM) | 66 [34%] | 37 [28%] | <0.001 | Evening (4PM–10PM) | 64 [33%] | 25 [18.9%] | Night (10PM–8AM) | 64 [33%] | 70 [53%] |
| Triage presentation vitals (median IQR) | Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 120.5 (140–94) | 142 (167–119) | <0.001 | Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 70 (87–53) | 81 (94–70) | <0.001 | Heart rate | 118 (130–102) | 96 (112–78) | <0.001 | Oxygen saturations (%) | 90.5 (97–73) | 98 (99–89) | <0.001 | Respiratory rate | 30 (36–24) | 24 (31.5–20) | <0.001 |
| Reason/s for intubation | Coma | 132 [68%] | 88 [66.7%] | 0.795 | Hypoxia | 101 [52.1%] | 29 [22%] | 0.046 | Metabolic acidosis | 71 [36.6%] | 18 [13.6%] | <0.001 | Anticipated decline | 84 [43.3%] | 59 [44.7%] | 0.803 | Respiratory distress | 169 [87.1%] | 70 [53%] | <0.001 | Polytrauma | 7 [3.6%] | 10 [7.6%] | 0.114 | Isolated trauma | 5 [2.6%] | 16 [12.1%] | 0.025 | Gunshot injury | 2 [1%] | 2 [1.5%] | 0.017 | Others | 5 [2.6%] | 3 [2.3%] | 0.861 |
| Shock index | <0.9 | 66 [34%] | 111 [84.1%] | <0.001 | ≥0.9 | 128 [66%] | 21 [15.9%] |
| pH | ≥7.3 | 124 [63.9%] | 128 [97%] | <0.001 | <7.3 | 70 [36.1%] | 4 [3%] |
| Drugs used for intubation | Ketamine | 59 [30.4%] | 14 [10.6%] | <0.001 | Propofol | 61 [31.4%] | 61 [46.2%] | 0.007 | Etomidate | 3 [1.5%] | 1 [0.8%] | 0.525 | Midazolam | 87 [44.8%] | 66 [50%] | 0.360 | Succinylcholine | 87 [44.8%] | 81 [61.4%] | 0.003 | Rocuronium | 23 [11.9%] | 7 [5.3%] | 0.045 |
| Heaven criteria | Hypoxemia | 94 [48.5%] | 34 [25.8%] | <0.001 | Extremes of size | 19 [9.8%] | 8 [6.1%] | 0.230 | Anatomic abnormalities | 30 [15.5%] | 16 [12.1%] | 0.395 | Vomit/blood/fluid | 58 [29.9%] | 53 [40.2%] | 0.055 | Exsanguination | 28 [13.2%] | 17 [14.9%] | 0.670 | Neck mobility issues | 25 [12.9%] | 20 [15.2%] | 0.561 |
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donates statistical significance at the level ( ). |