The Stability Analyses of Tunnel Faces in Saturated Soils with Soil Arching Effect

<div>Variation of failure mechanisms with change of <span class="nowrap"><svg height="12.5794pt" id="M176" style="vertical-align:-3.29107pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 32.6768 12.5794" width="32.6768pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M828 650H570L564 622C646 614 650 609 634 524L604 366H253L281 524C296 608 308 615 382 622L388 650H132L126 622C211 615 214 609 198 524L121 122C106 42 102 35 23 28L17 0H276L282 28C196 35 191 40 206 122L243 324H597L559 123C544 42 537 35 452 28L446 0H710L716 28C632 35 628 43 643 122L719 524C735 610 741 615 822 622L828 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,10.075,3.132)"><path d="M698 334C698 397 680 451 655 451C627 451 602 424 602 397C602 389 605 383 614 371C622 360 624 340 624 317C624 161 546 47 458 47C419 47 389 69 389 125C389 142 391 162 397 185L457 430L451 435L380 421L315 164C301 107 266 47 222 47C182 47 153 69 153 126C153 137 157 162 161 185C166 214 179 265 197 334C203 358 208 385 208 407C208 433 201 451 176 451C124 451 64 404 24 348L44 320C86 366 113 382 121 382C126 382 128 381 128 374C128 368 126 356 122 341C102 266 88 204 81 164C77 143 73 121 73 107C73 23 131 -12 187 -12C234 -12 281 10 322 45C343 5 383 -12 422 -12C559 -12 698 174 698 334Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,17.168,0)"><path d="M368 703H309L44 -163H104L368 703Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.529,0)"><path d="M743 375C743 570 607 650 407 650H136L130 622C214 612 220 606 204 526L125 122C110 43 105 36 24 27L17 0H250C382 0 482 23 571 76C680 141 743 248 743 375ZM644 379C644 188 520 36 305 36C277 36 249 38 229 46C205 55 202 71 212 126L293 553C300 588 306 600 317 606C330 613 356 617 390 617C547 617 644 537 644 379Z"></path></g></svg>.</span></div>

Geofluids

fig15

Figure 15

Figure 15: The Stability Analyses of Tunnel Faces in Saturated Soils with Soil Arching Effect 