Treatment Patterns and Survival in Patients with Intermediate, Advanced, or Terminal Stage of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in France over the Period 2015-2017: A Real-Life Study
Table 4
Mortality risk (hazard ratio) in patients with IAT† HCC according to patient characteristics, HCC aetiology, and treatment patterns ().
Variables
Number of patients
Unadjusted HR
95% CI
Adjusted HR
95% CI
Gender
Female
3,439
Reference
Reference
Male
16,210
0.89
0.85-0.93
1.03
0.98-1.08
Age at the IAT stage† diagnosis (years)
<60
3,095
Reference
Reference
60–79
12,080
1.08
1.02-1.13
1.03
0.98-1.09
≥80
4,474
1.55
1.47-1.64
1.06
1.00-1.12
History of HCC curative treatment or type of disease progression
Previous curative treatment: HCC secondary progression to IAT† stage
3,205
Reference
Reference
No curative treatment: patients with de novo IAT† stage at HCC diagnosis
13,512
2.34
2.21-2.47
1.74
1.64-1.84
Undetermined (lack of retrospective data) in some patients with HCC diagnosed before 2013
2,932
2.95
2.76-3.14
1.77
1.66-1.89
HCC aetiology
Viral hepatitis without alcohol‡
2,204
Reference
—
Reference
—
Alcohol-related liver disease without viral hepatitis‡
8,897
1.40
1.32-1.48
1.27
1.20-1.35
Alcohol-related liver disease and viral hepatitis‡
1,431
1.15
1.06-1.25
1.18
1.09-1.29
Metabolic risk factors alone
3,331
1.51
1.41-1.61
1.18
1.11-1.27
Other liver diseases
1,190
1.58
1.45-1.72
1.39
1.28-1.52
No identified liver disease or diabetes mellitus
2,596
1.64
1.53-1.76
1.16
1.08-1.25
Major HCC palliative treatment subgroups (see Figure 2)
TACE
4,808
Reference
Reference
TARE
306
1.97
1.68-2.31
1.90
1.62-2.23
Systemic treatment
3,951
2.50
2.35-2.66
2.48
2.33-2.64
BSC
10,584
6.67
6.33-7.03
6.16
5.84-6.50
†IAT: intermediate, advanced, or terminal stage; HR: hazard ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; ‡with or without metabolic risk factors: NASH (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis); NAFLD (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease), or diabetes mellitus; TACE: transarterial chemoembolization; TARE: transarterial radioembolization; BSC: best supportive care.
