Voice Assistant Utilization among the Disability Community for Independent Living: A Rapid Review of Recent Evidence

Table 9

Reported barriers by disability.

Barrier	Barrier total (%)		General		Neurodiverse		Vision		Hearing		Chronic health		Mobility & dexterity		Speech
	Lit	Gray	Lit	Gray	Lit	Gray	Lit	Gray	Lit	Gray	Lit	Gray	Lit	Gray	Lit	Gray
Features removed	1.3%	8.1%	4.5%	—	1.7%	—	4.4%	25.9%	—	—	—	—	1.4%	5.9%	—	—
Brain control interfaces	5.8%	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	13.0%	—	14.3%	—
Caregiver hesitance	0.6%	—	—	—	1.7%	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Setup’s cognitive load	7.8%	7.1%	9.1%	—	13.6%	20%	8.9%	7.4%	7.4%	—	8.7%	—	5.8%	11.8%	1.6%	3.8%
Use’s cognitive load	13.0%	—	13.6%	—	16.9%	—	11.1%	—	7.4%	—	21.7%	—	15.9%	—	12.7%	—
Compatibility issues	3.2%	—	—	—	5.1%	—	2.2%	—	—	—	4.3%	—	2.9%	—	3.2%	—
Cost	5.2%	—	18.2%	—	3.4%	—	4.4%	—	—	—	8.7%	—	5.8%	—	3.2%	—
Internet connection	3.2%	—	9.1%	—	3.4%	—	4.4%	—	—	—	4.3%	—	2.9%	—	—	—
Educated providers	1.9%	—	4.5%	—	3.4%	—	2.2%	—	—	—	4.3%	—	1.4%	—	—	—
Nonverbal control	10.4%	2.0%	4.5%	—	5.1%	—	2.2%	—	22.2%	33.3%	—	—	13.0%	—	20.6%	3.8%
Lack of skills/apps	0.6%	1.0%	4.5%	—	—	—	—	3.7%	—	—	—	—	—	5.9%	—	—
Lack of voice control	—	12.1%	—	16.7%	—	5.0%	—	22.2%	—	—	—	—	—	11.8%	—	3.8%
Limited functionality	6.5%	25.3%	9.1%	33.3%	6.8%	30.0%	11.1%	33.3%	7.4%	—	4.3%	—	7.2%	29.4%	6.3%	7.7%
Low market availability	0.6%	—	—	—	—	—	2.2%	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Not human	—	1.0%	—	—	—	5.0%	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Privacy	7.8%	9.1%	13.6%	33.3%	6.8%	20.0%	13.3%	—	11.1%	—	8.7%	—	7.2%	5.9%	1.6%	—
Response time interval	4.5%	—	—	—	3.4%	—	4.4%	—	3.7%	—	—	—	4.3%	—	9.5%	—
Sign language	3.9%	2.0%	—	—	1.7%	—	2.2%	3.7%	18.5%	66.7%	—	—	1.4%	—	3.2%	—
Speech interpretation	12.3%	32.3%	4.5%	16.7%	10.2%	20.0%	15.6%	3.7%	14.8%	—	17.4%	—	8.7%	29.4%	15.9%	80.8%
Unique evolving needs	4.5%	—	—	—	10.2%	—	2.2%	—	3.7%	—	4.3%	—	1.4%	—	3.2%	—
Maintenance	6.5%	—	4.5%	—	6.8%	—	8.9%	—	3.7%	—	13.0%	—	7.2%	—	4.8%	—
Total count ()	154	99	22	21	59	20	45	27	27	3	23	—	69	17	63	26