Influence of Elevation and Anthropogenic Disturbance on Woody Species Composition, Diversity, and Stand Structure in Harego Mountain Forest, Northeastern Ethiopia

Table 5

Mean (±SE) DBH, height, basal area, density of seedlings, saplings, trees and shrubs, and overall woody species for each elevational gradient in Harego Mountain Forest.

Stand structure	Elevation
	Lower	Middle	Upper	Overall	F	value
Seedling ha^−1	668.75 ± 72.268^a	1767.50 ± 366.54^b	1494.70 ± 217.75^b	1239.55 ± 132.64^b	6.28	0.003
Sapling ha^−1	359.37 ± 56.42^a	907.50 ± 170.66^b	772.73 ± 114.30^b	644.78 ± 69.50^b	5.61	0.006
Tree and shrub ha^−1	1947.92 ± 274.22^a	2943.18 ± 242.54^b	2472.50 ± 356.81^b	2516.42 ± 170.72^ab	3.83	0.03
Total density ha^−1	2976 ± 346.05^a	5210.61 ± 384.17^b	5147.50 ± 733.20^b	4400.75 ± 279.83^b	8.99	<0.001
BA (m^2 ha^−1)	7.00 ± 1.57^a	13.24 ± 2.18^b	4.88 ± 1.29^a	9.75 ± 1.29^a	4.01	0.02
Mean DBH (cm)	4.70 ± 0.52^a	6.24 ± 0.40^b	6.10 ± 0.45^b	5.67 ± 0.29^a	3.30	0.043
Mean height (m)	3.09 ± 0.29^a	4.28 ± 0.24^b	4.03 ± 0.21^ab	3.82 ± 0.17^a	5.89	0.004

The difference between elevational gradients was investigated by analysis of variance, followed by Tukey’s HSD test. Values represented with different letters revealed significant difference at 0.05 level of significance tests. The plus-minus (±) sign used to separate standard error from the value of mean.