Aerobic Exercise versus Electronic Cigarette in Vascular Aging Process: First Histological Insight

Figure 3

Elastic lamina fragmentation. (a) Negative control (K0) showed neatly arranged and dense elastic lamina with minimal fragmentation (red arrows). (b) Moderate-intensity aerobic physical exercise (K1) showed lower fragmentation than K0 (red arrows). (c) Exposure to e-cigarette (K2) showed increased elastic lamina fragmentation (red arrows). (d) Exposure to electronic cigarettes (K3) showed lower elastic lamina fragmentation (red arrows).