Review Article
Ebselen: A Promising Repurposing Drug to Treat Infections Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Microorganisms
Table 1
In vitro antibacterial effect of ebselen on Gram-positive bacteria and mycobacteria.
| Microorganism | Strain | MIC (μg/mL) | Reference |
| E. faecium | Clinical {27} | 2 | [58] |
| S. aureus | Clinical {5} | 0.25–1 | [54] |
| Enterococcus spp. | VRE | 64 | [46] | S. aureus | MRSA | 64 | MSSA | 0.5 |
| S. aureus | Clinical | 2.2 | [55] |
| Bacillus spp. | B. cereus | ATCC 14579 | 0.9 | [56] | B. subtilis | ATCC 6633 | 0.14 | S. aureus | ATCC 29213 | 1.1 | M. tuberculosis | H37 Rv | 10 |
| M. tuberculosis | H37 Rv | 20 | [15] |
| S. aureus | USA 300/400 | 0.25 | [57] |
| E. faecalis | Clinical {39} | 0.78 | [43] | Staphylococcus spp. | S. aureus | MRSA {60} | 1.56 | CNS | Clinical {33} | 0.78 |
| Staphylococcus spp. | S. aureus | ATCC 25923 | 34 | [32] | S. simulans | 103P | 55 |
| Staphylococcus spp. | S. aureus | MRSA {11} | 0.125–0.5 | [16] | Linezolid-resistant S. aureus (NRS 119) | 0.125 | Mupirocin-resistant S. aureus (NRS 107) | 0.125 | VRSA {11} | 0.125–0.5 | MSSA (ATCC 6538) | 0.125 | S. epidermidis | NRS 101 | 0.5 |
| Enterococcus spp. | E. faecalis | ATCC (49533, 7080, 49532, 14506, and 51229) (VRE) | 0.25–1.0 | [52] | SF 24397/24413 | 0.125 | SF28073 | 0.625 | HH22/MMH 594/SV587 (VRE) | 0.125 | E. faecium | E1162 | 0.25 | E0120 (VRE)/ERV102 (VRE) | 0.5 | ATCC 6569 and ATCC 700221 (VRE) | 0.5–1 | Staphylococcus spp. | S. aureus | MRSA {6} | 0.125–0.25 | MSSA {2} | 0.25 | VISA {2} | 0.125–0.25 | VRSA {4} | 0.125–0.25 | Streptococcus spp. | S. pyogenes | ATCC 1234 | 0.5 | S. agalactiae | MNZ (938, 933, and 929) | 0.5 |
| Enterococcus spp. | E. faecalis | ATCC 51229 (VRE) | 0.5 | [53] | E. faecium | ATCC 700221 (VRE) | Staphylococcus spp. | S. aureus | VRSA {15}/MRSA {15} | 0.125–0.5 | MSSA {4}/VISA {3} | 0.125–0.25 | S. epidermidis | NRS 101 | 0.5 |
| M. tuberculosis | H37Rv | 100 | [59] | XDR and MDR clinical isolates | 50 |
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{ }: number of isolates; MIC 90; μM; VRSA: vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; MRSA: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; MSSA: methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus; VISA: vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus; VRE: vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp.; ATCC: American Type Culture Collection. |