Enhancing Fault Detection and Classification in MMC-HVDC Systems: Integrating Harris Hawks Optimization Algorithm with Machine Learning Methods

<div>Confusion matrix (training, validation, and testing): (a) discriminant classifier, (b) Naive Bayes, (c) SVM, and (d) decision tree.</div>

International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems

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Figure 10

Figure 10: Enhancing Fault Detection and Classification in MMC-HVDC Systems: Integrating Harris Hawks Optimization Algorithm with Machine Learning Methods 

Figure 10 | Enhancing Fault Detection and Classification in MMC-HVDC Systems: Integrating Harris Hawks Optimization Algorithm with Machine Learning Methods 