A Novel Hybrid MPPT Controller for PEMFC Fed High Step-Up Single Switch DC-DC Converter

<table class="table-group" id="tab4"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Elements</td><td class="align_center">DCCM and CCM at first stage</td><td class="align_center">DCCM and CCM at second stage</td><td class="align_center">DCCM at third stage</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left"><i>S</i></td><td class="align_center">ON</td><td class="align_center">OFF</td><td class="align_center">OFF</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left"><span style="width: 15.0858ptpx;"><svg height="14.1101pt" id="M64" style="vertical-align:-5.4742pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 15.0858 14.1101" width="15.0858pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M743 375C743 570 607 650 407 650H136L130 622C214 612 220 606 204 526L125 122C110 43 105 36 24 27L17 0H250C382 0 482 23 571 76C680 141 743 248 743 375ZM644 379C644 188 520 36 305 36C277 36 249 38 229 46C205 55 202 71 212 126L293 553C300 588 306 600 317 606C330 613 356 617 390 617C547 617 644 537 644 379Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.893,3.132)"><path d="M481 430L460 436C440 442 393 451 366 451C348 451 325 448 313 446C267 437 195 409 147 367C79 308 24 211 24 105C24 37 56 -12 93 -12C121 -12 156 1 199 32C246 66 313 122 349 168H351L286 -147C274 -205 261 -215 210 -224L199 -226L193 -255L438 -243L442 -214L417 -212C364 -208 359 -200 370 -140L433 204C455 324 469 389 481 430ZM391 385C382 336 366 260 358 238C321 178 209 59 143 59C129 59 115 83 115 131C115 207 152 317 220 373C243 392 282 403 314 403C348 403 374 395 391 385Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">OFF</td><td class="align_center">ON</td><td class="align_center">OFF</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left"><span style="width: 17.1227ptpx;"><svg height="11.927pt" id="M65" style="vertical-align:-3.291101pt" version="1.1" 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553C300 588 306 600 317 606C330 613 356 617 390 617C547 617 644 537 644 379Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.893,3.132)"><path d="M329 433H203L239 587L230 596L147 534L123 433H57L30 395L34 388H115L61 129C37 16 59 -12 85 -12C147 -12 222 58 260 98L241 125C212 95 160 62 144 62C132 62 127 71 138 126L192 386L305 394L329 433Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">OFF</td><td class="align_center">ON</td><td class="align_center">OFF</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="4"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Functioning stages of wide input voltage proposed DC-DC converter.</div>

International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems

tab4

Table 4

Table 4: A Novel Hybrid MPPT Controller for PEMFC Fed High Step-Up Single Switch DC-DC Converter 