The Multiobjective Control Based on Tolerance Optimization in a Multienergy System

Table 1

The differences between the optimal scheduling models and methods in the previous related references.

Reference	Components	Objective function	Processing method for multiobjective function
[9]	PV and ESS	Cost of power exchanged with other local microgrids and the grid	Sum of the cost method
[10]	DG, BESS, and microgrid	Determine the lifetime of BESS and the cost of microgrids functioning	Weighted summation method
[12]	DGs and grid	Active power loss, reactive power loss, and the voltage deviation index	Weighted summation method
[18]	DG, PV, ESS, EV, HVACs, and other RLs	Maximizing TVPP’s day-ahead and intraday profit in the flexible market	Two-stage adaptive robust optimization
[19]	DN, WIND, PV, ESS, PEMFC, EB, GB, TR, and HS	Carbon trading cost, operational cost, maintenance cost, and rescheduling cost	Two-stage distributionally robust optimization
[21]	DG, renewable energy, ES, and grid	Line loss rate, renewable energy abandonment power penalty item, and ESS residual penalty item	Multistage decoupling structure based on extreme scenario evaluation
[26]	PV, ESS, EV, and grid	Maximizing the profit and minimizing the peak-to-valley difference of the load and loss rate of ESS	MOMUS + TOPSIS
[28]	PV, WIND, BESS, EV, TL, IL, and grid	Maximizing the benefits of GS and maximizing the benefits of LS	NSGA-II + TOPSIS
[32]	DG, ESS, PV, WIND, and grid	Annual energy losses, annual investment, maintenance, and operation costs and reliability	Multi-objective sine-cosine algorithm
This study	PV, wind, DG, and BESS	Line loss, maximum voltage deviation, abandoned amount of new energy, and power generation cost	A two-stage optimization based on expected point tolerance

Note. PV: photovoltaic system; WIND: wind generation; DG: distributed generation; ESS: energy storage system; BESS: battery energy storage system; TVPP: technical virtual power plant; EV: electric vehicle; HVACs: heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems; RLs: responsive loads; DN: distribution network; PEMFC: proton exchange membrane fuel cell; EB: electric boiler; GB: gas boiler; TR: thermal recovery; HS: hydrogen storage tank; TL: transferable load; IL: interruptible load; GS: generation side.