Accounting for BEV Users’ Risk Attitudes and Charging Inertia in En Route Charging Choice Behavior

Table 3

Structural and measurement equation results.

Structural equation	Value	T-test
Latent variable 1: risk attitudes
Constant	0.769	5.5
Age (more than 30 years old = 1, otherwise = 0)	0.117	1.65
Battery range (more than 300 km = 1, otherwise = 0)	−0.128	−1.74
Charging frequency (often charge or above = 1, otherwise = 0)	1.09	10.2
Driving experience (more than 18 months = 1, otherwise = 0)	0.0646	0.924
Driving frequency (everyday = 1, otherwise = 0)	−0.000869	−0.0109
DVKT (more than 50 km = 1, otherwise = 0)	0.0438	0.653
Education (master or above = 1, otherwise = 0)	0.165	2.01
Gender (female = 1, otherwise = 0)	0.0184	0.271
Income (more than 10,000 RMB, otherwise = 0)	0.41	3.79
Latent variable 2: charging inertia
Constant	0.304	3.48
Age (more than 30 years old = 1, otherwise = 0)	−0.178	−3.93
Battery range (more than 300 km = 1, otherwise = 0)	−0.365	−7.53
Charging frequency (usually charge = 1, otherwise = 0)	0.394	4.97
Driving experience (more than 18 months = 1, otherwise = 0)	0.108	2.52
Driving frequency (everyday = 1, otherwise = 0)	−0.00529	−0.108
DVKT (more than 50 km = 1, otherwise = 0)	0.109	2.6
Education (master or above = 1, otherwise = 0)	−0.178	−3.47
Gender (female = 1, otherwise = 0)	0.0203	0.489
Income (more than 10,000 RMB, otherwise = 0)	−0.109	−1.63
Measurement equation	Intercept ()	Factor loading ()
Latent variable 1: risk attitudes
(R1) I will not drive an EV for a long trip when the distance exceeds the total battery range	0 (fixed)	1 (fixed)
(R2) If the remaining battery is lower than expected, I will look for chargers instead of changing travel strategy to save energy	−0.00862 (−0.151)	0.352 (6.41)
(R3) I don’t like to make risky decisions, even though the decision may bring greater benefits	0.0869 (1.77)	0.452 (7.96)
Latent variable 2: charging inertia
(C1) I will charge as soon as I return home	0 (fixed)	1 (fixed)
(C2) I will charge when I approach a commonly used charging station	−0.411 (−11.7)	0.61 (14)
(C3) I will charge when daily trip is over	−0.177 (−3.25)	1.64 (14.1)

Significance at 1% level; significance at 5% level; significance at 10% level. The intercept and factor loading of R1 and C1 are preset in advance. Risk attitudes (+), risk averse; risk attitudes (−), risk seeking.