| S. No. | Class of compound | Constituents | Medicinal properties | Ref. |
| 1 | Steroid glycosides | Vernonoisides A1, A2, A3, A4, B1, B2, B3, D, and E | Anthelminthic, anti-inflammatory, and gastrointestinal disorders | [36–38] | 2 | Flavonoids, saponins, tannins | Luteolin 7-O-β glucuronoside, luteolin and lutelin7-O-β glucoside | Hepatoprotective, anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobia and antioxidant | [39–41] | 3 | Sesquiterpene lactones | Vernomigdin, vernodalin, vernodalol, vernolepin, vernodalol, epivernodalolvernolepin, vernolide, vernodalin, hydroxyvernolide, vernomygdin, vernomenin, vernonioside A1, A2, A3, A4, B1, B2, B3, and B4, 4,15 dihydrovernodalin, 1,2,11,12ʹ,3ʹ hexahydrovernodalin, 1,2,4,15,11,13,2ʹ,3ʹ octahydro vernodalin, epivernodalol | Antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiprotozoal, anaesthetic and antitumor | [37, 42, 43] | 4 | Edotides (peptides) | Andrographidoid A, E, arabinogalactan, 3,7,8-trimethoxy-1-hydroxyxanthone, 4,8-dihydroxy-2,7-dimethoxy xanthone, 1,2-dihydroxy-6, 8-dimethoxy-xanthone, and 3,7,8-trimethoxy-1-hydroxyxanthone | Anticancer, antioxidant | [31, 44] | 5 | Triterpenoids | Glycine, cysteine, pyridoxine, casein hydrolysate, thiamine, ascorbic acid, eucalyptol, alphamurolol, beta pinene, myrtenal | Hepatoprotective, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial, anti-nociceptive, | [30, 45] |
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