Research Article
Effects of Front Total Toe-In Angle on Tire Wear and Emissions for a Light-Duty Vehicle
Table 1
Experimental data for different parameters based on the front total toe-in angle.
| Front total toe-in angle (°) | Angle rate, = | Engine RPM | Increment of engine RPM (%) | Rolling resistance coefficient, | Increment of rolling resistance coefficient (%) | Rolling resistance, | Increment of rolling resistance (%) | Energy consumption, (KJ) | Increment of energy consumption (%) | emissions (PPM/%) for octane | Increment of emissions (%) | CO emission PPM/(%) | Increment of CO emissions (%) | NOx PPM | Increment of NOx (%) |
| 0.00 | 0.00 | 1310 | 0.00 | 0.021 | 0.00 | 196.74 | 0.00 | 1180.44 | 0.00 | 30000/(3%) | 0.00 | 30300/(3.03%) | 0.00 | 32 | 0.00 | 0.40 | 0.06 | 1415 | 8.02 | 0.021 | 1.42 | 199.52 | 1.42 | 1197.14 | 1.42 | 33000/(3.3%) | 10.00 | 32700/(3.27%) | 7.92 | 36 | 12.50 | 1.00 | 0.14 | 1455 | 11.07 | 0.023 | 7.82 | 212.13 | 7.82 | 1272.80 | 7.82 | 34000/(3.4%) | 13.33 | 34400/(3.44%) | 13.53 | 38 | 18.75 | 1.60 | 0.22 | 1485 | 13.36 | 0.025 | 19.38 | 234.86 | 19.38 | 1409.15 | 19.38 | 35000/(3.5%) | 16.67 | 36100/(3.61%) | 19.14 | 39 | 21.87 | 4.20 | 0.58 | 1710 | 30.53 | 0.048 | 128.86 | 450.26 | 128.86 | 2701.55 | 128.86 | 41000/(4.1%) | 36.67 | 38300/(3.83%) | 26.83 | 42 | 31.25 |
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