Effects of Front Total Toe-In Angle on Tire Wear and Emissions for a Light-Duty Vehicle

Table 2

Experimental data for tire wear as a function of front total toe-in​ angle.

Front total toe-in angle (°)	Tire outer lateral groove wear ​ (mm)	Tire outer lateral groove wear rate (%)	Tire circumferential groove wear (mm)	Tire circumferential groove wear rate (%)	Tire circumferential groove wear (mm)	Tire circumferential groove wear rate (%)	Tire circumferential groove wear (mm)	Tire circumferential groove wear rate (%)	Tire circumferential groove wear (mm)	Tire circumferential groove wear rate (%)	Tire inner lateral groove wear ​ (mm)	Tire inner lateral groove wear rate (%)	Tire travelling life,	Tire travelling life reduction rate (%)
0.00	0.03	0.00	0.04	0	0.04	0	0.04	0	0.04	0	0.03	0.00	92250.00	0.00
0.40	0.05	66.67	0.06	50	0.07	75	0.06	50	0.06	50	0.05	33.33	61500.00	33.33
1.00	0.09	200.00	0.08	100	0.08	100	0.09	125	0.08	100	0.07	133.33	46125.00	50.00
1.60	0.37	1133.33	0.35	775	0.34	750	0.35	775	0.20	400	0.09	200.00	10542.86	88.57
4.20	2.43	8000.00	2.40	5900	2.41	5925	2.40	5900	0.90	2150	0.13	333.33	1537.50	98.33