Review Article

Hydrogen as Fuel for ICEs: State of Art and Technological Challenges

Table 1

Literature survey on hydrogen production, transport, and storage.

ReferencesYearTitleType of study and parameterKey findings

[18]2023Technoeconomic Assessment of Various Configurations Photovoltaic Systems for Energy and Hydrogen ProductionEconomic benefits evaluationImprovement of the PV system to produce hydrogen at competitive costs (2.1 cent/kWh and $2.53/kg-H2)
(i) PV system efficiency
(ii) Hydrogen cost

[19]2022Simultaneous analysis of hydrogen productivity and thermal efficiency of hydrogen production process using steam reforming via integrated process design and 3D CFD modellingExperimental/numerical investigationH2 production and efficiency optimization for finding the best working condition via simulation in a SMR process
(i) SMR thermal efficiency

[20]2023Comparison of derivative-free optimization: energy optimization of steam methane reforming processNumerical investigationImprovement of thermal efficiency through the use of DFO algorithms
(i) SMR thermal efficiency

[21]2022Impact of hydrogen on natural gas compositions to meet engine gas quality requirementsGas grid evaluationMaximum share of hydrogen (13.4%) that can be added to the current gas network to fulfil the EU regulations
(i) Wobbe index
(ii) Hydrogen share

[22]2023Modeling of catalyst poisoning during hydrogen production via methane steam and dry reformingNumerical investigationHeterogeneous fixed-bed reactor model showed high sensitivity to sulphur poisoning, also with a very low concentration of H2S
(i) Catalyst poisoning (SMR)

[23]2016Solar water splitting by photovoltaic-electrolysis with a solar-to-hydrogen efficiency over 30%Experimental investigationSolar-to-hydrogen efficiency of about 30% reached on the laboratory scale
(i) Solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency