|
| References | Year | Title | Type of study and parameter | Key findings |
|
| [33] | 2020 | A numerical investigation on De-NOx technology and abnormal combustion control for a hydrogen engine with EGR system | Numerical investigation | The EGR can reduce the in-cylinder hot spots, thereby suppressing the occurrence of preignition of the hydrogen engine |
| (i) EGR ratio |
|
| [34] | 2023 | Extending the knock limits of hydrogen DI ICE using water injection | Experimental/numerical investigation | Water impacts autoignition via three potential routes: charge cooling effect, thermophysical effect, and a kinetic effect. The impact of charge cooling was dominant |
| (i) Water injection |
| (ii) Advanced ST |
| CR variation |
|
| [35] | 2023 | Comprehensive analysis on the effect of lube oil on particle emissions through gas exhaust measurement and chemical characterization of condensed exhaust from a DI SI engine fueled with hydrogen | Experimental investigation | The presence of PAH, alkyl-PAHs, oxy-PAHs, and mineral oil in the exhausts suggests that the lubricating oil passed into the combustion chamber and degraded at high temperature |
| (i) Effect of lube oil |
| (ii) Particles size and number |
|
| [36] | 2017 | Study on the NOx emissions mechanism of an HICE under high load | Numerical investigation | The thermal NO played a key role in the NO emission, contributing more than 75% of the total NO emission under high load |
| (i) NOx formation routes |
|
| [37] | 2020 | Experimental study on ammonia/hydrogen/air combustion in spark ignition engine conditions | Experimental ammonia-hydrogen blend composition influence | A moderate amount of hydrogen can make the H2-NH3 mixture suitable for ICE operations |
|
| [38] | 2021 | Study on the mechanism of the ignition process of ammonia/hydrogen mixture under high-pressure direct-injection engine conditions | Numerical investigation | The addition of hydrogen can provide the concentration of H-free radical at the early stage of combustion, promoting the rapid generation of OH-free radical and thus accelerating the consumption rate of NH3 |
| (i) High-pressure DI influence |
| (ii) Radical formation process |
|
