Effects of Heat Transfer Characteristics of R32 and R1234yf with Al₂O₃ Nanoparticle through U-Bend Tube Evaporator

Table 1

Numerical setup with solver setting parameters and solution methods.

Parameter	Setup
Solver type	Pressure-based
Time	Steady
Velocity	Absolute
Model	Volume of fluid (VOF), mixture
Phase	Multiphase (2), multiphase (3)
Viscous model	SST k-omega model
Fluid	R32 and R1234yf with Al2O3
Mesh	Tetrahedron method
Pressure	PRESTO
Formulation	Explicit (R32), implicit (R1234yf)
Gradient	Least squares cell-based
Pressure-velocity coupling	SIMPLE

R32 and R1234yf. R32-Al₂O₃ and R1234yf-Al₂O₃.