Diversity of Production Techniques and Microbiology of African Cereal-Based Traditional Fermented Beverages

Table 1

Type of cereals used for the production of African traditional fermented beverages.

Beverage	Raw material	Country	Reference
Aliha	Maize	Ghana	Madilo et al. [45]
Bushera	Sorghum, millet flour	Uganda	Marsh et al. [48]; Aka et al. [49]
Kwete	Maize, millet	Uganda	Enujiugha and Badejo [50]
Malwa	Finger millet	Uganda	Aka et al. [51]
Koko sour water	Cereal (pearl millet)	Ghana	Marsh et al. [48]
Koko	Maize	Ghana	Lei et al. [52]
Pito	Maize, sorghum, maize, sorghum	Ghana, Nigeria	Kolawole et al. [21]; François et al. [53]
Ice-kenkey	Maize	Ghana	Atter et al. [54]
Burukutu	Sorghum	Ghana	Blandino et al. [55]
Mahewu	Maize, sorghum/millet	Zimbabwe	Marsh et al. [48]
Doro	Finger and bulrush millet/sorghum	Zimbabwe	Gadaga et al. [56]; Jane et al. [57]
Mangisi	Millet	Zimbabwe	Aka et al. [49]
Togwa	Maize flour, finger millet malt,	Tanzania	Marsh et al. [48]
Ogi, akamu	Maize, sorghum, millet	Nigeria	Enujiugha and Badejo [58]
Kunun-zaki	Millet, sorghum	Nigeria	Oguntoyinbo et al. [59]; Enujiugha and Badejo [50]
Burukutu	Sorghum	Nigeria	Fadahunsi and Soremekun [60]
Oti-oka	Maize, millet, sorghum	Nigeria	Ogunbanwo and Ogunsanya [61]
Gowe	Sorghum	Benin Republic	Enujiugha and Badejo [58]
Tchoukoutou	Sorghum (and millet or maize)	Benin, Togo	Polycarpe Kayode et al. [62]
Mageu	Maize, wheat south	South Africa	Enujiugha and Badejo [50]
Bantu beer	Sorghum, maize malt	South Africa	Taylor [25]
Umqombothi	Sorghum, maize	South Africa	Shephard et al. [63]
Borde	Maize, finger millet, tef	Ethiopia	Enujiugha and Badejo [58]; Aka et al. [49]
Areki	Millet, sorghum, maize	Ethiopia	Tafere [64]
Keribo	Barley	Ethiopia	Tafere [64]
Tella	Barley, maize, millet, sorghum	Ethiopia	Tafere [64]
Bogobe	Sorghum	Botswana	Blandino et al. [55]
Dolo	Red sorghum	Burkina Faso	Lyumugabe et al. [22]
Bel-saalga	Pearl millet	Burkina Faso	Tou et al. [65]
Amgba	Sorghum (and millet)	Cameroon	Lyumugabe et al. [22]; Aka et al. [51]
Sha	Maize	Cameroon	Abia et al. [66]
Oshikundu	Rice flour + ginger	Namibia	Embashu et al. [18]; Embashu [19]
Oshikundu	Millet, sorghum	Namibia	Mu et al. [67]; Embashu [18]
Bouza	Wheat	Egypt	Blandino et al. [55]
Busa	Rice or millet	Egypt	Blandino et al. [55]
Kishk	Wheat	Egypt	Blandino et al. [55]
Busaa	Maize	Kenya	Katongole [68]; Aka et al. [49]
Tchapalo	Maize	Cote d’Ivoire	Aka et al. [69]; Aka et al. [51]