Diversity of Production Techniques and Microbiology of African Cereal-Based Traditional Fermented Beverages

Table 6

Microorganisms fermenting African traditional fermented nonalcoholic beverages.

Beverage	Microorganisms/taxonomic tools	Reference
Koko/akassa	Lactobacillus fermentum, (Lb. cellobiosus, Lb. brevis, Lb. curvatus, Lb. buchneri, and Weissella confusa), pediococci and yeasts such as Candida krusei, Candida kefyr, Candida glabrata, Saccharomyces cerevisiae	Nout [32]
Ben-saalga	Lb. fermentum, Lb. plantarum, and Pediococcus pentosaceus Lb. plantarum	Sifer et al. [205]
Togwa	Lactobacillus spp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida spp. L. plantarum, L. brevis, L. fermentum, L. cellobiosus, P. pentosaceus, W. confusa Issatchenkia orientalis, C. pelliculosa, C. tropicalis. (biochemical tests, API tests)	Vasudha and Mishra [37]; Mugula et al. [108]
Amazake	Aspergillus spp.	Yamamoto et al. [206]
Mahewu (amahewu)	Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus (cultural, morphological, and biochemical characterization)	Blandino et al. [55]; Gadaga et al. [207];
Kunnu zaki	Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus leichmannii, Leuconostoc spp., Lactococcus spp.	Akoma et al. [208]; Agarry et al. [4]
Mageu	Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Issatchenkia orientalis, Pichia fabianii, Aureobasidium pullulans, Candida glabrata, Pichia ciferrii, Saccharomycopsis fibuligera, Hanseniaspora opuntiae, Zygoascus hellenicus, Cryptococcus flavus, Cryptococcus magnus, Candida parapsilosis, Candida pyralidae and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Lactobacillus agilis, L. minor, L. Confuses and L. fructosus. L. Minor, L. divergens L. agilis and L. plantarum, L. bifermentans, L. divergens, L. fermentum, L. hilgardii, L. minor, Streptococcus spp.	Nyanga et al. [209]; Fleet [210]
Pozol	Streptococcus, L. fermentum, L. plantarum, L. casei, L. delbrueckii Streptococcus bovis, S. macedonicus, L. lactis, and Enterococcus sulfureus. (Cultural, morphological, and biochemical characterization, RT-PCR)	Muyanja et al. [6]
Malwa	Lactobacillus spp., Lactococcus, coliforms	Muyanja et al. [6]
Sobia	Lactobacillus cellobiosus, L. buchneri, L. plantarum, L. brevis, L. delbrueckii. delbrueckii, Leuconostoc lactis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter aerogenes, E. sakazakii, E. cloacae, Serratia liquefaciens, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida tropicalis, C. ciferrii, C. guilliermondii, C. lipolytica, Kloeckera japonica, Rhodotorula rubra, Penicillium spp. API 50 CHL system, API 20 system, API 20C AUX system	Mavhungu [211]
Kirario	Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp., mesenteroides/detranicum, Leuconostoc citreum, Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis, Lactococcus raffinolactis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus collinoides, and Lactobacillus coprophilus (API 50 CH strips, API 50 CHL medium)	Kunyanga [212]
Ting	Lactobacillus pentosaceus, Lact. plantarum, Lact. pentosaceus, Lact. cellobisus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lact. collinoides, Lact. brevis, Lact. fermentum, and Lact. curvatus (PAGE, API 50CHL medium and API 50CH strips)	Mavhungu [211]