A Crude Oil Spot Price Forecasting Method Incorporating Quadratic Decomposition and Residual Forecasting

Table 8

Main terms covered in this paper.

Terminology	Specific meaning
CEEMDAN	Complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise
VMD	Variable mode decomposition
VAR	Vector autoregressive model
BPNN	Back-propagation neural network
RF	Random forest
ARIMA	Autoregressive integrated moving average model
ELM	Extreme learning machine
XGBoost	Extreme gradient boosting
SOA	Seagull optimization algorithm
SVR	Support vector regression
MAE	Mean absolute error
MSE	Mean square error
MAPE	Mean absolute percentage error