Transformational Leadership, Psychological Empowerment, and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors among Nursing Workforce: A Single Mediation Analysis

Table 1

Personal characteristics of the studied nurses and differences in the study variables.

Characteristics	N	%	Transformational leadership	Psychological empowerment	Organizational citizenship behavior
			Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
Age (years)
20–30	73	23.9	3.25 ± 0.75	3.30 ± 0.64	3.48 ± 0.53
31–40	134	43.9	3.45 ± 0.74	3.50 ± 0.65	3.58 ± 0.54
41–50	85	27.9	3.35 ± 0.75	3.34 ± 0.61	3.50 ± 0.54
<50	13	4.3	3.45 ± 0.43	3.41 ± 0.53	3.64 ± 0.37
f/p			1.31/0.27	1.92/0.13	0.79/0.50
Gender
Male	94	30.8	3.29 ± 0.71	3.45 ± 0.60	3.52 ± 0.55
Female	211	69.2	3.41 ± 0.75	3.39 ± 0.65	3.54 ± 0.53
t/p			1.08/0.16	0.75/0.46	0.35/0.73
Marital status
Single	112	36.7	3.47 ± 0.58	3.43 ± 0.55	3.49 ± 0.4
Married	167	54.8	3.34 ± 0.82	3.39 ± 0.70	3.57 ± 0.61
Divorced	20	6.6	3.15 ± 0.81	3.48 ± 0.57	3.53 ± 0.56
Widowed	6	2.0	3.28 ± 0.65	2.99 ± 0.28	3.40 ± 0.31
f/p			1.43/0.23	1.04/0.37	0.56/0.64
Educational level
Technical education	62	20.3	3.28 ± 0.65	3.41 ± 0.66	3.57 ± 0.43
Bachelor’s degree	202	66.2	3.38 ± 0.79	3.39 ± 0.65	3.51 ± 0.58
Postgraduate degree	41	13.4	3.51 ± 0.61	3.46 ± 0.53	3.60 ± 0.41
f/p			1.14/0.32	0.20/0.82	0.62/0.54
Years of experience
<5	45	14.8	3.19 ± 0.73	3.26 ± 0.69	3.42 ± 0.53
6–10	78	25.6	3.48 ± 0.79	3.47 ± 0.68	3.57 ± 0.59
10–15	93	30.5	3.40 ± 0.74	3.49 ± 0.62	3.53 ± 0.51
>15	89	29.2	3.37 ± 0.71	3.34 ± 0.57	3.56 ± 0.51
f/p			1.49/0.22	1.94/0.12	0.88/0.45
Shift
Morning	137	44.9	3.35 ± 0.81	3.41 ± 0.68	3.53 ± 0.58
Afternoon	53	17.4	3.35 ± 0.71	3.38 ± 0.56	3.54 ± 0.42
Night	48	15.7	3.46 ± 0.74	3.49 ± 0.63	3.55 ± 0.56
Morning and evening	67	22.0	3.38 ± 0.64	3.34 ± 0.61	3.53 ± 0.49
f/p			0.29/0.84	0.58/0.63	0.01/0.99
Working unit
Emergency	45	14.8	3.35 ± 0.69	3.37 ± 0.60	3.48 ± 0.48
Medical	78	25.6	3.34 ± 0.84	3.42 ± 0.67	3.51 ± 0.56
Surgical	64	21.0	3.41 ± 0.78	3.45 ± 0.68	3.51 ± 0.55
Dialysis	38	12.5	3.39 ± 0.75	3.41 ± 0.72	3.51 ± 0.59
Outpatient	42	13.8	3.36 ± 0.56	3.47 ± 0.48	3.59 ± 0.56
ICU	26	8.5	3.35 ± 0.73	3.17 ± 0.63	3.65 ± 0.38
Operative	12	3.9	3.48 ± 0.69	3.39 ± 0.51	3.69 ± 0.53
f/p			0.11/0.99	0.78/0.59	0.58/0.75

Significant (). (F) ANOVA test. (t) t-test.