Acute Oral Toxicological Profile of Croton membranaceus Mull. Arg. Aqueous Stem Extract, a Herbal Treatment for Benign Prostate Hyperplasia, in Male Sprague–Dawley Rats
Table 2
Biochemical indices of S-D rats treated with acute doses of CMASE after 14 days.
Biochemical parameters
Control
Low dose 1000 mg/kg
Median dose 2500 mg/kg
High dose 5000 mg/kg
T-BIL (μmol/l)
0.60 ± 0.35
0.38 ± 0.16
0.44 ± 0.16
0.35 ± 0.06
D-BIL (μmol/l)
1.28 ± 0.24
1.23 ± 0.16
1.00 ± 0.02
1.51 ± 0.16
IBIL (μmol/l)
0.85 ± 0.25
1.10 ± 0.25
1.14 ± 0.09
0.98 ± 0.19
ALT (U/L)
78.15 ± 0.92
60.75 ± 0.57
87.83 ± 0.13L
73.75 ± 0.86L,M
AST (U/L)
267.70 ± 0.52
245.30 ± 0.50
395.38 ± 0.04L
301.90 ± 0.59L,M
ALP (U/L)
390.78 ± 0.30
435.55 ± 0.32
449.08 ± 0.95L
304.75 ± 0.39L,M
Gamma-GT
1.38 ± 0.27
1.60 ± 0.52
1.90 ± 0.58
1.75 ± 0.19
TP (g/l)
66.73 ± 0.71
58.55 ± 0.25
63.23 ± 0.64L
66.68 ± 0.20L,M
ALB (g/dL)
35.05 ± 0.78
29.55 ± 0.98
35.40 ± 0.57L
34.38 ± 0.59L
Glo (g/dL)
31.68 ± 0.89
28.13 ± 0.40
28.85 ± 0.93
33.78 ± 0.97L,M
AST/ALT
3.45 ± 0.17
4.53 ± 0.46
5.15 ± 0.67
3.40 ± 0.17
TC (mmol/L)
2.45 ± 0.19
2.09 ± 0.12
1.98 ± 0.17
2.51 ± 0.16
TG (mmol/L)
1.46 ± 0.15
1.27 ± 0.12
1.44 ± 0.14
1.80 ± 0.29
LDL (mmol/L)
0.59 ± 0.09
0.46 ± 0.02
0.45 ± 0.03
0.58 ± 0.06
HDL (mmol/L)
0.99 ± 0.04
0.89 ± 0.04
0.91 ± 0.08
1.09 ± 0.04
CREA (mmol/L)
64.30 ± 0.80
52.39 ± 0.95
56.55 ± 0.53L
57.87 ± 0.80L
UREA (mmol/L)
6.15 ± 0.55
6.73 ± 0.32
6.65 ± 0.16
5.34 ± 0.43
URIC ACID (mmol/L)
211.60 ± 0.19
148.33 ± 0.65
175.35 ± 0.02
156.23 ± 0.74LM
Data are presented as mean ± SEM. n = 5. The symbols and represent and , respectively, whereas, L compared to the low dose group. M compared to the median dose group (two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test). HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; VLDL = very low-density lipoprotein; SEM = standard error of mean; T-BIL = total bilirubin; D-BIL = direct bilirubin; I-BIL; TP = total protein; TC = total cholesterol; ALB = albumin; Glo = globulin; TG = triglycerides; CREA = creatinine; gamma GT = gamma-glutaryl transferase.