Antibacterial and Antioxidant Efficacies of Secondary Metabolites from the Roots of Cyphostemma adenocaule: A Combined In Vitro and In Silico Study

Table 1

Inhibition zone (mean ± SD, in mm) of CH₂Cl₂ : MeOH (1 : 1) extract and the isolated compounds (1–6).

Bacterial strain	Conc. (mg/mL)	Average inhibition zone (mm) (3 trials)
		CH2Cl2 : MeOH extract	1	2	3	4	5	6	Ciprofloxacin (30 μg/disc)
E. coli	2	18.00 ± 0.00	12.67 ± 0.47	13.50 ± 0.87	14.30 ± 0.47	14.67 ± 0.47	16.17 ± 0.24	15.33 ± 0.24	21.33 ± 0.47
	1	14.50 ± 0.41	10.50 ± 0.41	11.33 ± 0.47	11.67 ± 0.47	12.00 ± 0.00	13.50 ± 0.41	12.50 ± 0.41
	0.5	11.50 ± 0.41	9.33 ± 0.47	9.50 ± 0.00	9.83 ± 0.24	10.00 ± 0.00	11.33 ± 0.47	10.50 ± 0.41
	0.25	9.83 ± 0.24	7.00 ± 0.00	7.67 ± 0.47	8.83 ± 0.24	9.00 ± 0.00	9.83 ± 0.24	9.67 ± 0.47
S. aureus	2	17.16 ± 0.24	11.83 ± 0.24	13.33 ± 0.47	14.00 ± 0.00	14.33 ± 0.47	16.67 ± 0.47	15.33 ± 0.47	21.50 ± 0.41
	1	13.83 ± 0.24	9.83 ± 0.24	10.16 ± 0.24	11.33 ± 0.47	11.50 ± 0.41	12.67 ± 0.47	11.67 ± 0.47
	0.5	11.00 ± 0.00	8.16 ± 0.24	8.50 ± 0.41	9.33 ± 0.47	9.50 ± 0.41	10.00 ± 0.00	9.67 ± 0.47
	0.25	9.50 ± 0.41	NA	7.33 ± 0.47	8.16 ± 0.24	8.33 ± 0.47	9.33 ± 0.47	8.83 ± 0.24
P. aeruginosa	2	15.67 ± 0.47	12.00 ± 0.00	12.50 ± 0.41	14.16 ± 0.24	13.16 ± 0.24	12.67 ± 0.47	13.83 ± 0.24	20.00 ± 0.81
	1	12.00 ± 0.00	9.33 ± 0.47	10.16 ± 0.24	11.50 ± 0.41	10.83 ± 0.24	10.33 ± 0.47	11.16 ± 0.24
	0.5	10.16 ± 0.24	8.00 ± 0.00	8.83 ± 0.24	10.00 ± 0.00	9.33 ± 0.47	9.16 ± 0.24	9.50 ± 0.41
	0.25	8.50 ± 0.00	NA	7.16 ± 0.24	8.33 ± 0.47	7.67 ± 0.47	7.33 ± 0.47	8.00 ± 0.00
S. pyogenes	2	16.33 ± 0.47	12.50 ± 0.41	12.83 ± 0.24	15.33 ± 0.47	14.50 ± 0.00	13.67 ± 0.47	13.83 ± 0.24	21.00 ± 0.81
	1	13.16 ± 0.24	9.67 ± 0.47	10.00 ± 0.00	11.67 ± 0.47	11.33 ± 0.47	10.67 ± 0.47	10.83 ± 0.24
	0.5	10.83 ± 0.24	8.33 ± 0.47	8.67 ± 0.47	10.16 ± 0.24	9.50 ± 0.00	9.00 ± 0.00	9.16 ± 0.24
	0.25	9.50 ± 0.41	7.16 ± 0.24	7.33 ± 0.47	9.00 ± 0.81	8.67 ± 0.47	7.83 ± 0.24	8.00 ± 0.81

CH₂Cl₂, dichloromethane; MeOH, methanol; NA, no activity; SD, standard deviation. For CH₂Cl₂ : MeOH (1 : 1) extract, 2: 50 mg/mL, 1: 25 mg/mL, 0.5: 12.5 mg/mL, and 0.25: 6.25 mg/mL.