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| Citation | Topic(s) | SDE measure(s) | Type of SDE measure(s) | Outcome(s) |
|
| Beauregard and Dunning [17] | Self-esteem, self-enhancement, contrast effect | Social comparison | Self-report | Self-reported self-esteem |
| Brookings and Serratelli [18] | SDE, positive illusions, subjective well-being, moral reasoning | BIDR; HSM | Self-report | Subjective well-being, self-reported moral reasoning |
| Brown [19] | SDE, self-other bias, self-esteem | Social comparison | Self-report | Self-reported self-esteem, self-reported self-image |
| Chance et al. [4] | SDE, learning, unethical behavior | Criterion-discrepancy | Performance-based | Learning |
| Chance et al. [20] | SDE, learning, unethical behavior | Criterion-discrepancy | Performance-based | Learning |
| Ferrari et al. [21] | SDE, substance abuse | BIDR-SDE | Self-report | Participation in 12-step groups |
| Gramzow et al. [22] | SDE, self-evaluation bias, academic performance, motivation | Criterion-discrepancy | Performance-based | Academic performance |
| Gudjonsson and Moore [23] | Self-deception, other deception, psychopathology | SDQ | Self-report | Psychopathology |
| Gupta and Bonanno [24] | SDE, response to trauma | BIDR-SDE | Self-report | Self-reported and observed distress |
| Gushue et al. [25] | SDE, color-blind attitudes in psychology trainees, prejudice | BIDR-SDE | Self-report | Self-reported color-blind racial attitudes |
| Hrgović and Hromatko [26] | SDE, depression, SES | BIDR-SDE | Self-report | Self-reported depressive symptoms |
| Humberg et al. [27] | SDE, self-perception, self-knowledge, psychological adjustment, interpersonal adjustment | Criterion-discrepancy | Self-report | Subjective well-being, self and peer-rated interpersonal functioning |
| Jamner and Schwartz [28] | SDE, physical pain, coping | EPI-lie scale | Self-report | Self-reported affective pain judgments |
| Johnson et al. [29] | SDE, self-esteem, problem-solving | SDS; BIDR-SDE | Self-report | Problem-solving performance |
| Joiner et al. [30] | Positive illusions, SDE, self-other discrepancy, depression | Social comparison | Self-report | Self-reported depressive symptoms |
| Kim and Chiu [31] | SDE, self-effacement, depression | Criterion-discrepancy | Performance-based | Self-reported depressive symptoms |
| Kobayashi and Brown [32] | SDE, self-esteem, culture | Social comparison | Self-report | Self-reported self-esteem |
| Lamba and Nityananda [33] | SDE, other-deception, risk | Criterion-discrepancy | Performance-based | Ability to deceive others |
| Lee and Klein [34] | SDE, self-efficacy, learning, conscientiousness | BIDR-SDE | Self-report | Self-reported self-efficacy, learning |
| Lester [35] | Self-deception, personality, neuroticism | SDQ | Self-report | Self-reported neuroticism and openness |
| Levi and Bachar [9] | Narcissism, SDE, posttraumatic growth | BIDR-SDE | Self-report | Self-reported posttraumatic growth, self-reported PTSD symptoms, self-reported narcissism |
| Liu et al. [36] | SDE, positive beliefs, effect of negative feedback, learning, ethical behavior | Criterion-discrepancy | Performance-based | Learning, accurate self-awareness about performance |
| Lu and Chang [37] | SDE, moral self-concept, self-consciousness, altruistic behavior | BIDR-SDE | Self-report | Self-reported moral self-concept, self-reported helping intention |
| Lynn et al. [38] | SDE, mating success, gender differences | BIDR-SDE; Criterion-discrepancy | Self-report; performance-based | Self-reported intercourse partner rate, partner social status |
| Martínez-González et al. [39] | SDE, substance abuse, personality disorders | IAM | Self-report | Self-reported addiction-related beliefs and cravings, duration of abstinence |
| Martocchio and Judge [40] | SDE, learning, conscientiousness, self-efficacy | BIDR-SDE | Self-report | Learning, self-reported self-efficacy |
| Marzana et al. [41] | SDE, domestic violence, moral self-concept, moral absolutism | BIDR-SDE | Self-report | Self-reported moral self-concept, self-reported moral absolutism, domestic violence |
| Mijovic-Prelec and Prelec [42] | SDE, motivation, confidence, ethical behavior | Criterion-discrepancy | Performance-based | Effort, ethical behavior, self-reported confidence |
| Moore et al. [43] | SDE, depression, schizophrenia, awareness of illness | BIDR-SDE | Self-report | Self-reported depressive symptoms, level of awareness of illness |
| Murray et al. [44] | Positive illusions, idealization, relationship satisfaction, self-esteem | Criterion-discrepancy | Self-report | Self-reported relationship satisfaction, self-reported self-esteem |
| Norem [45] | SDE, optimism, interpersonal functioning | BIDR-SDE | Self-report | Self-reported optimism, self-reported self-esteem/self-image, self-reported social support |
| Otter and Egan [46] | SDE, personality, psychopathology, antisocial behavior | PDS | Self-report | Self-reported antisocial thinking, self-reported psychopathy, self-reported personality |
| Peterson et al. [10] | SDE, learning, problem-solving, gambling | BIDR; EPI-lie scale | Self-report | Learning, loss of money in gambling task |
| Peterson et al. [47] | SDE, learning | BIDR-SDE | Self-report | Learning, task performance |
| Pittarello et al. [48] | SDE, attention, ethical behavior | Criterion-discrepancy | Performance-based | Ethical behavior, attention |
| Pompili et al. [49] | SDE, hopelessness, suicide risk | BIDR-SDE | Self-report | Self-reported hopelessness |
| Raskin et al. [50] | Defensive self-enhancement, narcissism, self-esteem | Social comparison; DSE | Self-report | Self-reported self-esteem, self-reported grandiosity, self-reported narcissism |
| Reed et al. [51] | Positive illusions, SDE, physical health | Responses to HIV; LOT | Self-report | Self-reported acceptance of illness, survival time |
| Robinson and Ryff [52] | SDE, temporal judgments, well-being | SDQ | Self-report | Subjective well-being |
| Roth and Ingram [53] | SDE, depression | SDQ | Self-report | Self-reported depressive symptoms |
| Smith et al. [54] | Self-deception, persuasion, interpersonal functioning | Persuasion task | Performance-based | Performance on persuasion task |
| Starek and Keating [55] | SDE, motivation, performance in competition | SDQ | Self-report | Athletic competition success |
| Strom and Barone [56] | SDE, self-esteem, substance abuse | BIDR-SDE | Self-report | Beliefs about control over drinking, self-esteem |
| Surbey [57] | SDE, depression, cooperation, attributional styles | BIDR-SDE; SDQ | Self-report | Self-reported depressive symptoms, attributional style, intentions to cooperate |
| Taylor and Gollwitzer [58] | Positive illusions, mindset (deliberative vs implemental), goal pursuit, self-perception | Social comparison | Self-report | Self-reported self-esteem, self-reported mood, perceived risk |
| Taylor et al. [59] | SDE, physical health, stress | HSM | Self-report | Cardiovascular responses, cortisol, self-reported and clinician rated psychological health |
| Tester and Gleaves [60] | SDE, body image, “thin ideal” | BIDR-SDE | Self-report | Awareness and internalization of thin ideal |
| Tomaka et al. [61] | SDE, stress, coping | SDS | Self-report | Appraisal of threat, physiological reactivity |
| Vecina [11] | SDE, domestic violence, moral self-concept | BIDR-SDE | Self-report | Self-reported moral absolutism, self-reported self-acceptance, domestic violence |
| Wakeman et al. [62] | SDE, counterfeit competence, self-esteem, ethical behavior | Criterion-discrepancy | Performance-based | Unethical behavior, self-reported perception of competence |
| Werhun and Cox [63] | SDE, anxiety sensitivity, repression | BIDR-SDE | Self-report | Self-reported anxiety sensitivity, self-reported repression, self-reported coping style |
| Wright et al. [64] | SDE, deception, lie detection, interpersonal functioning | BIDR-SDE | Self-report | Lie detection accuracy, ability to deceive others, self-reported machiavellianism, self-reported narcissism, self-reported psychopathy |
| Yan and Bonanno [65] | SDE, conjugal bereavement, loneliness, interpersonal functioning | BIDR-SDE | Self-report | Clinician-rated PTSD, complicated grief, and depression; self-reported loneliness, self-reported and peer-rated interpersonal functioning |
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