The Effect of Land Cover Protection on Preventing Crime: The Case Study of the State of New York, USA

Table 1

New York State counties' population and crime data for 2018 [14].

County	2018 population	Total area (km^2)	Population density (capita/km^2)	Index crime count	Violent crime count	Property crime count
Albany	304,591	1,380	221	8,361	1,109	7,252
Allegany	45,732	2,678	17	457	75	382
Bronx	1,454,179	149	9,760	35,355	12,514	22,841
Broome	189,067	1,852	102	5,137	603	4,534
Cattaraugus	73,692	3,393	22	1,087	122	965
Cayuga	75,834	2,238	34	1,236	196	1,040
Chautauqua	125,852	3,885	32	2,652	358	2,294
Chemung	83,485	1,064	78	1,438	134	1,304
Chenango	46,622	2,328	20	707	86	621
Clinton	79,308	2,896	27	1,159	174	985
Columbia	59,135	1,678	35	890	102	788
Cortland	46,686	1,300	36	775	58	717
Delaware	42,999	3,802	11	583	75	508
Dutchess	289,726	2,137	136	3,638	535	3,103
Erie	909,076	3,178	286	22,901	3,529	19,372
Essex	35,542	4,962	7	293	52	241
Franklin	50,085	4,395	11	518	71	447
Fulton	52,525	1,380	38	944	145	799
Genesee	56,476	1,282	44	944	128	816
Greene	46,351	1,704	27	606	114	492
Hamilton	4,352	4,683	1	46	3	43
Herkimer	60,769	3,776	16	643	72	571
Jefferson	111,731	4,810	23	2,003	254	1,749
Kings	2,618,198	251	10,431	50,106	14,384	35,722
Lewis	25,983	3,341	8	207	32	175
Livingston	62,404	1,658	38	633	58	575
Madison	69,296	1,715	40	940	134	806
Monroe	734,020	3,538	207	16,874	2,270	14,604
Montgomery	48,191	1,062	45	716	79	637
Nassau	1,347,772	1,173	1,149	13,363	1,504	11,859
New York	1,645,512	87	18,914	49,830	8,951	40,879
Niagara	206,655	2,953	70	4,261	603	3,658
Oneida	226,517	3,142	72	4,645	645	4,000
Onondaga	456,375	2,088	219	9,942	1,371	8,571
Ontario	108,085	1,715	63	1,459	130	1,329
Orange	376,306	2,173	173	5,928	787	5,141
Orleans	39,962	2,116	19	596	64	532
Oswego	115,754	3,398	34	2,031	188	1,843
Otsego	58,672	2,598	23	719	95	624
Putnam	97,414	637	153	502	54	448
Queens	2,331,358	462	5,046	33,135	8,856	24,279
Rensselaer	156,780	1,722	91	3,093	388	2,705
Richmond	473,924	265	1,788	5,738	1,408	4,330
Rockland	325,061	515	631	3,048	353	2,695
St Lawrence	107,265	7,306	15	1,398	151	1,247
Saratoga	226,965	2,186	104	2,607	232	2,375
Schenectady	152,748	544	281	4,611	715	3,896
Schoharie	30,657	1,621	19	320	27	293
Schuyler	17,619	886	20	60	15	45
Seneca	33,746	846	40	458	47	411
Steuben	94,101	3,636	26	1,040	159	881
Suffolk	1,464,741	6,146	238	18,945	1,510	17,435
Sullivan	73,794	2,582	29	1,198	195	1,003
Tioga	47,336	1,355	35	395	43	352
Tompkins	103,272	1,233	84	1,896	155	1,741
Ulster	175,637	3,007	58	2,258	283	1,975
Warren	63,165	2,253	28	952	96	856
Washington	60,229	2,191	27	426	73	353
Wayne	88,547	3,585	25	1,468	171	1,297
Westchester	966,057	1,295	746	9,849	1,689	8,160
Wyoming	39,510	1,544	26	333	63	270
Yates	24,430	974	25	245	17	228