Jia-Wei-Kai-Xin-San Treatment Alleviated Mild Cognitive Impairment through Anti-Inflammatory and Antiapoptotic Mechanisms in SAMP8 Mice

Figure 5

JWKXS inhibited inflammation through the TLR4/NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways. (a, b) TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in the serum and hippocampus. (c, d) Representative immunohistochemical-staining images and quantitative analysis of Iba-1 in the hippocampus. (e–i) The mRNA and protein expression levels of TLR4, NF-κB p65, TNF-α, IL-6, NLRP3, IL-1β, IL-18, and cleaved-CASP1/CASP1 in the TLR4/NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways in the hippocampus. GAPDH and β-actin served as the internal control. (j) Fluorescence images and quantitative analysis of ASC in the hippocampus of mice. The original magnification of immunohistochemical-staining images was 200x (scale bar = 100 μm), while the high magnification was 400x (scale bar = 50 μm). The magnification of ASC fluorescence images was 400x (scale bar = 50 μm). Data are presented as mean ± SD.

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