Review Article
Is Celiac Disease (CD) Prevalent in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Table 1
Data extracted from included studies.
| | Author | Continent | Region | Year | Study design | Total MS cases | Female cases | Male cases | Age mean (SD) | MS stage | EDSS mean (SD) or median (range) | Total celiac case | Total control | Female control | Male control | Total celiac control | Quality assessment |
| | Lo et al. [22] | Australia | Australia | 2021 | Cohort | 1518 | 1204 | 309 | 55.7 (11.2) | NR | NR | 15 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 7/9 | | Lo et al. [23] | Australia | Australia | 2021 | Cross-sectional | 902 | 709 | 193 | 55.8 (11.4) | NR | NR | 10 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 7/10 | | Piccini et al. [24] | Europe | Italy | 2020 | Cohort | 2050 | 1579 | 471 | 28.8 (10.8) | RRMS: 1251 | NR | 9 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 7/9 | | Lorefice et al. [25] | Europe | Italy | 2018 | Cross-sectional | 286 | 205 | 81 | 42.4 (10.6) | NR | 2.7 (1.8) | 4 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 7/10 | | Laroni et al. [26] | Europe | Italy | 2017 | Cohort | 1877 | 1218 | 659 | 35.3 (11.3) | NR | 2.1 (1.1) | 12 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 7/9 | | Zanchi et al. [27] | Europe | Italy | 2017 | Cross-sectional | 601 | 403 | 198 | 43.9 | RRMS: 487
SPMS: 103
PRMS: 11 | 2 (1.0-9.0) | 47 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 8/10 | | de Oliveira et al. [28] | Latin America | Brazil | 2016 | Cross-sectional | 249 | 176 | 73 | NR | NR | NR | 1 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 8/10 | | Farez et al. [29] | Latin America | Argentina | 2014 | Case control | 211 | 163 | 48 | 40.4 (10) | NR | 1 (0-8.5) | 1 | 211 | 163 | 48 | 3 | 7/10 | | Levinthal et al. [30] | America | USA | 2013 | Cross-sectional | 218 | 170 | 48 | 47.6 (1.0) | RRMS: 154
SPMS: 24
PRMS: 9
Undefined: 32 | NR | 2 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 7/10 | | Khoshbaten | Asia | Iran | 2012 | Cross-sectional | 100 | 68 | 32 | 33.1 (8.8) | RRMS: 78
SPMS: 14 | 3.9 (1.9) | 0 | 121 | 75 | 46 | 0 | 6/10 | | Rodrigo et al. [31] | Europe | Spain | 2011 | Cross-sectional | 72 | 60 | 12 | 43 (10) | RRMS: 72 | 1.7 (1.1) | 8 | Check | | | | 7/10 | | Nicoletti et al. [16] | Europe | Italy | 2008 | Case control | 217 | 130 | 87 | 40.2 (10.2) | RRMS: 193
SPMS: 21
PRMS: 3 | NR | 0 | 200 | 123 | 77 | 1 | 8/10 | | Nielsen et al. [32] | Europe | Denmark | 2008 | Cohort | 12403 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 1 | 20798 | NR | NR | 4 | | | Eaton et al. [33] | Europe | Denmark | 2007 | Cohort | 9961 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 6 | NA | NA | NA | NA | | | Edwards and Constantinescu [34] | Europe | UK | 2004 | Case control | 658 | 454 | 204 | 45 | NR | NR | 3 | 1064 | NR | NR | 13 | | | Salvatore et al. [17] | Europe | Italy | 2004 | Cross-sectional | 95 | NR | NR | 41.3 (21-63) | RRMS: 76
SPMS: 16
PRMS: 3 | NR | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 6/10 |
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