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Author | Scenario of study | Type of study | Country reporting | Total MS patients | Number of suspected/confirmed COVID-19 cases | Definition of COVID-19 suspected or confirmed group | Analytical method used | Study quality |
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Sahraian et al., [30] | Contacted MS patients who were managed in the MS Clinic of Sina Hospital, Iran | Cross-sectional | Iran | 4647 | 68 | Patients were asked about COVID-19-related symptoms, CFT scan findings, PCR test, and hospitalization. | Univariate logistic regression | Unsatisfactory |
Dalla Costa et al., [14] | A questionnaire sent to MS patients across Europe | Cohort | European multicentric | 399 | 52 | Patients experiencing fever or anosmia/ageusia+any other COVID-19 symptoms, or respiratory symptoms+two other COVID-19 Symptoms | Univariate and multivariate penalized likelihood logistic regression models | Good |
Reder et al., [9] | Using the IBM Explorys real-world dataset | Pharmacovigilance | USA | 30478 | 344 | Patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 were considered COVID-19 positive; all others were considered COVID-19 negative. | Logistic regression adjusted for patient age, sex, BMI, comorbidities, and race | Good |
Zabalza et al., [15] | Self-administered survey sent to patients were followed in Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat). Suspected COVID-19 cases were interviewed by phone. | Cohort | Spain | 758 | 48 | (1) Patients with fever, dyspnoea, persistent cough, or (2) sudden onset of anosmia, ageusia or dysgeusia, or (3) radiological images compatible with COVID-19 were considered suspected cases. Patients with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR were considered confirmed cases | Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions | Good |
Levin et al., [16] | Online surveys using the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) platform was sent to patients MS or a related disorder across USA | Cohort | USA | 630 | 104 | (1) Patients with cough or shortness of breath, or (2) any two of the following: fever, muscle pain, sore throat, and new loss of taste or smell | Multivariate logistic regressions | Fair |
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