Research Article
Prevalence, Management, and Impact of Dysmenorrhea on the Lives of Nurse and Midwife Trainees in Northern Ghana
Table 3
Factors associated with the prevalence of dysmenorrhea among nurse and midwife trainees.
| Variables | COR | 95% CI | value | AOR | 95% CI | value |
| Age (years) | <20 | 1 | | | | | | 20–24 | 0.72 | 0.14–3.64 | 0.690 | | | | 25+ | 0.45 | 0.08–2.47 | 0.361 | | | | Marital status | Single | 1 | | | 1 | | | Married | 0.33 | 0.14–0.75 | 0.008 | 0.59 | 0.17–2.03 | 0.404 | Have given birth before | No | 1 | | | 1 | | | Yes | 0.29 | 0.12–0.69 | 0.006 | 0.39 | 0.10–1.46 | 0.166 | Age at first menstruation (years) | 9–11 | 1 | | | 1 | | | 12–14 | 0.17 | 0.02–1.39 | 0.099 | 0.19 | 0.23–1.65 | 0.134 | 15+ | 0.14 | 0.02–1.09 | 0.060 | 0.17 | 0.02–1.46 | 0.107 | Nature of menstrual cycles | Regular | 1 | | | | | | Irregular | 0.76 | 0.43–1.33 | 0.331 | | | | Duration of menstruation (days) | 1–3 | 1 | | | 1 | | | 4-5 | 1.82 | 0.90–3.69 | 0.096 | 2.67 | 1.13–6.28 | 0.024 | >5 | 1.96 | 0.91–4.23 | 0.087 | 2.31 | 0.90–5.88 | 0.080 | Amount of blood flow during menstruation | Normal bleeding (7–10 pads used) | 1 | | | 1 | | | Abundant bleeding (>10 pads used) | 2.76 | 1.23–6.21 | 0.014 | 1.83 | 1.14–6.28 | 0.192 | Reduced bleeding (7 pads used) | 1.79 | 0.73–4.39 | 0.202 | 2.13 | 0.78–5.83 | 0.140 | Respondents’ history of some gynecological conditions | Gynecological surgeries | 2.02 | 0.22–18.31 | 0.532 | | | | Genital malformation | 0.50 | 0.03–8.03 | 0.623 | | | | Vaginal candidiasis | 1.52 | 0.83–2.77 | 0.175 | | | | Urinary tract infections | 4.40 | 1.29–14.99 | 0.018 | 3.56 | 0.98–12.86 | 0.053 | Previously treated for Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae | No | 1 | | | | | | Yes | 1.76 | 0.63–4.93 | 0.279 | | | | Sexual activity | Active | 1 | | | | | | Inactive | 1.63 | 0.97–2.72 | 0.064 | 1.21 | 0.67–2.18 | 0.516 | Pain during sexual intercourse | No | | | | | | | Yes | 1.50 | 0.81–2.77 | 0.198 | | | | Premenstrual syndrome | No | 1 | | | 1 | | | Yes | 2.28 | 1.11–4.70 | 0.025 | 1.78 | 0.79–3.97 | 0.162 | Occasionally | 1.22 | 0.49–3.06 | 0.668 | 1.13 | 0.41–3.19 | 0.804 | Regular physical activity | No | 1 | | | 1 | | | Yes | 1.52 | 0.94–2.46 | 0.087 | 1.61 | 0.93–2.77 | 0.089 | Sleep duration (hours) | <5 | 1 | | | | | | 5–9 | 1.18 | 0.71–1.97 | 0.517 | | | | 10+ | 0.58 | 0.23–1.49 | 0.260 | | | | Family history of dysmenorrhea | No | 1 | | | | | | Yes | 2.68 | 2.08–6.51 | 0.001 | 4.05 | 2.16–7.61 | 0.001 |
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COR = crude odds ratio; AOR = adjusted odds ratio. All variables were adjusted in the multivariable model. Reference group. Source: field data (2022). |