Review Article
The Molecular Blueprint for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A New Paradigm for Diagnosis and Therapeutics
Table 3
Cytokine and chemokine receptor inhibitors for COPD.
| S. no. | Inhibitor/drug | Mechanism/effect | Clinical progress | References |
| 1 | Tocilizumab | IL-6 inhibitor | Clinical trials need further study | [159] |
| 2 | Canakinumab | IL-1β inhibitor | Phase I/II RDBPCES | [160] |
| 3 | Infliximab | TNF-α inhibitor | No effect (NCT00056264) | [161–163] |
| 4 | Etanercept | TNF-α inhibitor | 90 Days treatment of COPD (NCT00789997) | [164] |
| 5 | AZD4818 | CCR1 inhibitor | No effect (NCT00629239) | [165] |
| 6 | AZD2423 | CCR1 inhibitor | A study completed statistical analysis not released (NCT012115279) | [166] |
| 7 | Navarixin (MK-7123) | CXCR2 inhibitor | 6 Months of study. Improvement in FEV1 (NCT01006616) (NCT00441701) | [166, 167] |
| 8 | AZD5069 | CXCR2 inhibitor | 4 Weeks treatment (NCT01233232) | [166] |
| 9 | BIIL 284 | LTB4 receptor inhibitor | Clinical study done (NCT02249247) (NCT02249338) | [168] |
| 10 | Zileuton | 5-LO inhibitor | No effect in treatment (NCT00493974) | [169] |
| 11 | Mepolizumab | IL-5 inhibitor | 26–52 Weeks treatment (NCT02105948, NCT01463644, NCT02105961) | [170] |
| 12 | Benralizumab | IL-5Rα inhibitor | No effect (NCT01227278) | [171] |
| 13 | Lebrikizumab | IL-13 inhibitor | Decline in COPD exacerbation and lung function (NCT02546700) | [172, 173] |
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