Health-Related and Psychosocial Factors Associated with Prostate Cancer Stage at Diagnosis among Males Participating in Alberta’s Tomorrow Project
Table 1
Characteristics of Alberta’s Tomorrow Project’s male participants diagnosed with prostate cancer, stratified by cancer stage at diagnosis (n = 410).
Characteristics
Stage I (n = 60) n (%)
Stage II (n = 283) n (%)
Stage III and IV (n = 67) n (%)
Total (n = 410) n (%)
Age at baseline (years)
<50
11 (2.7)
42 (10.2)
15 (3.7)
68 (16.6)
50–59
28 (6.8)
119 (29.0)
27 (6.6)
174 (42.4)
60+
21 (5.1)
122 (29.8)
25 (6.1)
168 (41.0)
Age at diagnosis (years)
<60
15 (3.7)
80 (19.6)
17 (4.1)
112 (27.3)
60–69
31 (7.6)
136 (33.2)
32 (7.8)
199 (48.5)
70+
14 (3.4)
67 (16.3)
18 (4.4)
99 (24.2)
Education
High school diploma
14 (3.4)
79 (19.3)
18 (4.4)
111 (27.1)
College
30 (7.3)
133 (32.4)
32 (7.8)
195 (47.6)
University degree
16 (3.9)
71 (17.3)
17 (4.2)
104 (25.4)
Married or common-law
Yes
49 (12.0)
247 (60.2)
58 (14.2)
354 (86.3)
No
11 (2.7)
36 (8.8)
−(2.2)
56 (13.7)
Employment
Yes
44 (10.7)
198 (48.2)
45 (11.0)
287 (70.0)
No
16 (3.9)
85 (20.7)
22 (5.4)
123 (30.0)
Household income ($)
<50 K
12 (2.9)
79 (19.3)
20 (4.5)
111 (27.1)
50–100 K
38 (9.3)
130 (31.8)
30 (7.3)
198 (48.8)
>100 K
10 (2.4)
73 (17.9)
17 (4.2)
100 (24.5)
Geography residence
Rural
16 (3.9)
68 (16.6)
23 (5.6)
107 (26.1)
Urban
44 (10.7)
215 (52.4)
44 (10.7)
303 (73.9)
First degree PCa family history
Yes
11 (2.7)
55 (13.4)
−(2.0)
74 (18.1)
No
49 (12.0)
228 (55.6)
59 (14.4)
336 (81.9)
Have ever had a digital rectal exam
Yes
52 (12.7)
251 (61.2)
59 (14.4)
362 (88.3)
No
−(2.0)
32 (7.8)
−(2.0)
48 (11.7)
Have ever had a PSA test
Yes
40 (9.8)
160 (39.0)
36 (8.8)
236 (57.6)
No
29 (4.9)
123 (30.0)
31 (7.6)
174 (42.4)
Have ever had a blood stool test
Yes
29 (7.1)
100 (24.4)
26 (6.3)
155 (37.8)
No
31 (7.6)
183 (44.6)
41 (10.0)
255 (62.2)
Have ever had a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy
Yes
18 (4.4)
70 (17.1)
15 (3.7)
103 (25.1)
No
42 (10.2)
213 (52.0)
52 (12.7)
307 (74.9)
Cancer grade
1
29 (7.1)
16 (3.9)
0 (0)
45 (11.0)
2
30 (7.3)
126 (30.7)
14 (3.4)
170 (41.5)
3
0 (0)
138 (33.7)
50 (12.2)
188 (45.9)
Gleason score
6
58 (14.2)
46 (11.2)
−(0.2)
105 (25.6)
7
0 (0)
93 (22.7)
25 (6.1)
118 (28.8)
8
0 (0)
15 (3.7)
−(1.7)
22 (5.4)
9
0 (0)
−(1.7)
11 (2.7)
18 (4.4)
10
0 (0)
0 (0)
−(0.5)
−(0.5)
NA
−(0.5)
122 (29.8)
21 (5.1)
145 (35.4)
Type of smoker
Nonsmoker
29 (7.1)
113 (27.6)
25 (6.1)
167 (40.7)
Past smoker
26 (6.3)
134 (32.7)
34 (8.3)
194 (47.3)
Current smoker
−(1.2)
36 (8.8)
−(2.0)
49 (12.0)
Time spent in the sun 11 am–4 pm in June–August (hours)
<1
48 (11.7)
205 (50.0)
51 (12.4)
304 (74.2)
≥1
12 (2.9)
78 (19.0)
16 (3.9)
106 (25.9)
Any stressful situations
None
36 (8.8)
166 (40.5)
39 (9.5)
241 (58.8)
≥1
24 (5.8)
117 (28.5)
28 (6.8)
169 (41.2)
Number of close friends and relatives you have, social support
≤10
34 (8.3)
213 (52.0)
46 (11.2)
293 (71.5)
>10
26 (6.3)
70 (17.1)
21 (5.1)
117 (28.5)
Have any children
Yes
48 (11.7)
251 (61.2)
64 (15.6)
363 (88.5)
No
12 (2.9)
32 (7.8)
−(0.7)
47 (11.5)
Median (Q1–Q3)
Median (Q1–Q3)
Median (Q1–Q3)
Median (Q1–Q3)
Age at baseline (years)
56 (50–63)
58 (53–63)
57 (50–63)
57 (52–63)
Distance to health centre by a vehicle (minutes)
9 (4–16)
8 (4–14)
7 (3–13)
8 (4–14)
Comorbidity index
0 (0-1)
0 (0-1)
0 (0-1)
0 (0-1)
Number of digital rectal exam in lifetime
4 (2–6)
4 (2–10)
3 (1–8)
4 (2–8)
Number of PSA blood tests in lifetime
1 (0–4)
1 (0–3)
0 (0–2)
1 (0–3)
Total recreational physical activity (MET hours/week)
23.3 (4.9–39.9)
24.3 (10.7–35.6)
24.9 (13.5–36.0)
24.9 (10.2–36.1)
Body mass index (kg/m2)
26.7 (24.6–30.0)
27.8 (25.6–30.9)
28.0 (26.3–30.9)
27.7 (25.5–30.9)
Abdominal circumference (cm)
96.5 (90.4–108.0)
101.8 (94.9–110.5)
101.6 (96.0–113.0)
101.6 (94.0–110.5)
Total dietary caloric intake (kcal/day)
1931 (1469–2239)
1931 (1522–2469)
1931 (1510–2267)
1931 (1505–2307)
Total alcohol intake (g/day)
6.5 (1.7–13.8)
7.2 (1.8–15.7)
6.7 (1.9–15.7)
7.1 (1.8–15.7)
Significant at < 0.05, < 0.01. “−” indicates number was <10 so cell entry suppressed. Comorbidity index: range (0–7). The range of the score of someone to take you to doctor if you needed it: 1: none of the time, 2: a little of the time, 3: some of the time, 4: most of the time, and 5: all of the time. Abdominal circumference was measured at one inch above the navel, even if this was not the usual waistline. PCa, prostate cancer; PSA, prostate-specific antigen.
