The Essential Oils Compounds of Lippia multiflora Moldenke and Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng Repel and Affect the Survival of the Maize Pest Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae

Figure 3

Repellent effect of essential oils from Lippia multiflora, Cymbopogon schoenanthus, and their combinations on Spodoptera frugiperda L3 larvae: (a) repellent effect after one hour of exposure; (b) repellent effect after two hours of exposure; and (c) repellent effect after three hours of exposure. (d) The general trend of the average repellent rate of essential oils and their combinations as a function of exposure time.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)