The Essential Oils Compounds of Lippia multiflora Moldenke and Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng Repel and Affect the Survival of the Maize Pest Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae

Table 2

Mortality rate of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae after 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours of exposure to essential oils of Cymbopogon schoenanthus, Lippia multiflora, and their combination.

Treatment	L. multiflora	C. schoenanthus	Lm + Cs (3/4 : 1/4)	Lm + Cs (1/4 : 3/4)	Lm + Cs (1 : 1)
Mortality rate of larvae 24 hours after topical application of EOs (%)
Absolute ethanol	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a
1%	6.54 ± 5.26^a	36.84 ± 10.68^b	26.32 ± 9.99^ab	15.79 ± 8.72^ab	36.84 ± 10.68^b
1.6%	36.84 ± 10.68^b	57.89 ± 10.68^b	26.32 ± 9.99^ab	42.11 ± 10.84^b	52.63 ± 10.84^b
2%	36.84 ± 10.68^b	42.11 ± 10.84^b	47.37 ± 10.90^bc	42.11 ± 10.84^b	52.63 ± 10.84^b
2.4%	73.68 ± 9.44^c	57.89 ± 10.68^b	52.63 ± 10.84^bc	42.11 ± 10.84^b	63.16 ± 10.39^b
3%	100.00 ± 0.00^d	94.74 ± 4.75^c	78.95 ± 8.72^c	84.21 ± 7.78^c	94.74 ± 4.75^c
Probabilities	= 54.492; df = 5	= 34.685; df = 5	= 27.2; df = 5	= 30.545; df = 5	= 34.895; df = 5
Mortality rate of larvae 48 hours after topical application of EOs (%)
Absolute ethanol	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a
1%	15.79 ± 8.72^a	42.11 ± 10.84^b	26.32 ± 9.99^ab	15.79 ± 8.72^a	47.37 ± 10.90^b
1.6%	57.89 ± 10.68^b	63.16 ± 10.39^ab	42.11 ± 10.84^bc	57.89 ± 10.68^b	63.16 ± 10.39^bc
2%	63.16 ± 10.39^b	63.16 ± 10.39^ab	63.16 ± 10.39^c	68.42 ± 9.99^b	84.21 ± 7.78^cd
2.4%	84.21 ± 7.78^bc	78.95 ± 8.72^c	73.68 ± 9.44^c	78.95 ± 8.72^b	84.21 ± 7.78^cd
3%	100.00 ± 0.0^c	94.74 ± 4.75^c	78.95 ± 8.72^c	89.47 ± 6.54^b	100.00 ± 0.0^d
Probabilities	= 54.456; df = 5	= 40.396; df = 5	= 23.32; df = 5	= 46.502; df = 5	= 51; df = 5
Mortality rate of larvae 72 hours after topical application of EOs (%)
Absolute ethanol	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a
1%	21.05 ± 9.44^a	42.11 ± 10.84^b	31.58 ± 10.39^b	47.37 ± 10.90^b	57.89 ± 10.68^b
1.6%	57.89 ± 10.68^b	63.16 ± 10.39^bc	63.16 ± 10.39^c	68.42 ± 9.99^bc	63.16 ± 10.39^b
2%	78.95 ± 8.72^bc	68.42 ± 9.99^bc	85.21 ± 7.78^c	68.42 ± 9.99^bc	100.00 ± 0.0^c
2.4%	89.47 ± 6.54^c	84.21 ± 7.78^bd	73.68 ± 9.44^c	89.47 ± 6.54^c	94.74 ± 4.75^c
3%	100.00 ± 0.0^c	100.00 ± 0.0^d	84.21 ± 7.78^c	89.47 ± 6.54^c	100.0 ± 0.0^c
Probabilities	= 59.087; df = 5	= 46.845; df = 5	= 41.88; df = 5	= 43.052; df = 5	= 65; df = 5

Lm: Lippia multiflora; Cs: Cymbopogon schoenanthus; Lm + Cs (1 : 1): combination of Lm and Cs at 1 : 1 ratio; Lm + Cs (1/4 : 3/4): combination of Lm and Cs at the ratio 1/4 : 3/4 respectively; Lm + Cs (3/4 : 1/4): combination of Lm and Cs at the ratio 3/4 : 1/4, respectively. Mortality value of the same column for the same treatment followed identical alphabetic letters is not statistically different (Kruskal-Wallis test P < 0.05).