The Essential Oils Compounds of Lippia multiflora Moldenke and Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng Repel and Affect the Survival of the Maize Pest Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae

Table 6

Rate of Spodoptera frugiperda pupal emergence after feeding maize leaves treated with essential oils of Lippia multiflora, Cymbopogon. schoenanthus, and their combinations.

Treatment	Rate of pupae formed
	L. multiflora	C. schoenanthus	Lm + Cs (3/4 : 1/4)	Lm + Cs (1/4 : 3/4)	Lm + Cs (1 : 1)
Absolute ethanol	80.00 ± 13.33^a	80.00 ± 13.33^a	80.00 ± 13.33^a	80.00 ± 13.33^a	80.00 ± 13.33^a
1%	40.00 ± 16.33^b	70.00 ± 15.28^a	70.00 ± 15.28^a	50.00 ± 16.67^ab	70.00 ± 15.28^a
1.4%	0.00 ± 0.00^b	30.00 ± 15.28^ab	10.00 ± 10.00^b	30.00 ± 13.33^bc	0.00 ± 0.00^b
1.6%	0.00 ± 0.00^b	30.00 ± 15.28^ab	30.00 ± 15.28^b	20.00 ± 15.28^bc	30.00 ± 15.28^b
1.8%	0.00 ± 0.00^b	30.00 ± 15.28^ab	10.00 ± 10.00^b	0.00 ± 0.00^c	0.00 ± 0.00^b
2.2%	20.00 ± 13.33^b	0.00 ± 0.00^b	0.00 ± 0.00^b	0.00 ± 0.00^c	20.00 ± 13.33^b
Probabilities	= 28.217; df = 5	= 18.028; df = 5	= 25.37; df = 5	= 22.476; df = 5	= 26.255; df = 5

LC: lethal concentration, CI: confident interval, Lm: Lippia multiflora; Cs: Cymbopogon schoenanthus; Lm + Cs (1 : 1): combination of Lm and Cs at 1 : 1 ratio; Lm + Cs (1/4 : 3/4): combination of Lm and Cs at the ratio 1/4 : 3/4, respectively; Lm + Cs (3/4 : 1/4): combination of Lm and Cs at the ratio 3/4 : 1/4, respectively. Means ± standard errors having the same superscript lowercase letters in the same column are not significantly different (linear ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis test, α = 0.05).