Focus on Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: Opportunities and Challenges in Cell-Free Therapy

Table 3

Clinical trials of exosome–based therapies.

Study title	Disease	Intervention	Phase	NCT
Effect of plasma-derived exosomes on intractable cutaneous wound healing: prospective trial	Ulcer	Autologous exosomes; Rich plasma	Early phase 1	NCT02565264
Study investigating the ability of plant exosomes to deliver curcumin to normal and colon cancer tissue	Colon cancer	Curcumin delivery by exosomes	Phase 1	NCT01294072
Effect of microvesicles and exosomes therapy on β-cell mass in type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM)	Type I diabetes mellitus	Umbilical cord blood-derived MSC microvesicles	Phase 2; Phase 3	NCT02138331
Preliminary clinical trial investigating the ability of plant exosomes to abrogate oral mucositis induced by combined chemotherapy and radiation in head and neck cancer patients	Head and neck cancer; Oral mucositis	Dietary Supplement: grape extract; Drug: lortab, fentanyl patch, mouthwash	Phase 1	NCT01668849
Pilot study of metformin in head and neck cancer and its effect on proinflammatory cytokines and exosomes implicated in acute and chronic toxicity	Head and neck cancer	Radiation: external beam radiation therapy; Drug: metformin hydrochloride; Other: placebo	Early phase 1	NCT03109873
Phase II trial of a vaccination with tumor antigen-loaded dendritic cell-derived exosomes on patients with unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer responding to induction chemotherapy	Non-small-cell lung cancer	Tumor antigen-loaded dendritic cell-derived exosomes	Phase 2	NCT01159288
Clinical trial of tumor cell-derived microparticles packaging chemotherapeutic drugs to treat malignant pleural effusion	Malignant pleural effusion	Biological: tumor-derived microparticles; Drug: cisplatin	Phase 2	NCT02657460