| | Cancers | Markers | Function |
| | Breast cancer | CD29+,
CD49f+,
CD90+,
CD133+,
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase+,
ESA+/CD44+/CD24,
CD44+/CD24− | Aldehyde Dehydrogenase: a chemical that helps the body’s resilience
CD44: a protein that is involved in cell movement and reproduction
CD90: T-cell adherence and signaling pathways are both assisted by this protein
CD133: a membrane protein that keeps lipids constituents inside the cellular membrane
CD24: a biomarker that enables blood to flow through the tumor during
metastasis
CD49f: a component of the fibronectin group of protein complexes that has an involvement in cell attachment
It plays a crucial role in cell attachment and communication |
| | Prostate cancer | EpCAM+, CD117+,
α2β1+,
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase+,
CD44+,
EZH2+,
CXCR4+,
E-cadherin+,
CD133+ | α2β1: a cellular adhesive and identification receptor that has a role in
cell attachment and identification
E-cadherin is a molecule that promotes tumor movement and invasion
CXCR4: this CXC-related protein binds the CD4 proteins to enable HIV to infiltrate organs
EZH2: an important component of the nervous system as well as a part of the polycistronic group |
| | Brain cancer | CD49f+,
CD90+,
CD44+,
CD36+,
EGFR+,
A2B5+,
L1 cell adhesion molecule+,
CD133+, | CD36: the platelet’s primary glycoprotein acts as just a binding protein
EGFR: it interacts with fibroblast protein and promotes tumor proliferation
A2B5: a glycoprotein biomarker that differentiates nerve subgroups in the nervous system
L1 cell adhesion molecule: performs a vital role in the neurological cell motility and development |
| | Stomach cancer | AldehydeDehydrogenase+, CD44+,
CD44V8–10+,
CD133+, CD24+,
CD54+, CD90+,
CD49f+ CD71+,
EpCAM+ | CD44V8–10: a CD44 variant related to a subpopulation of tumorigenesis
CD54: belongs to a family of adhesive proteins and produces cancer cells |
| | Colorectal cancer | CD200+, EpCAM+,
CD133+, CD166+,
CD206+, CD44+, CD49f+, AldehydeDehydrogenase+ | CD200: tt has a role in immunoregulation
CD166: it interacts with a 6th edition T-cell differentiation marker and helps in
cell proliferation and migration
CD206: cellular membranes, clearance, and immune homeostasis all are assisted by the mannuronic receptors
EpCAM: this is a cell–cell nutrient cellular adhesion molecule that is also present over most epithelia and in intestinal malignancies |
| | Liver cancer | CD24+, CD133+,
CD13+, CD44+,
CD206+, OV-6+,
CD90+, EpCAM+ | CD13: glycoprotein involved in protein metabolism
OV-6: cell surface antigen and used as a biomarker | | AML cancer | CD34+,
CD38−,
CD90+,
CD71+,
CD19+,
CD20+,
CD44+,
CD10+,
CD45RA+,
CD123+ | CD34: tt helps the adhesion of cell lines to external or stroma polymorphonuclear leukocytes
CD38: predictive factor for individuals with persistent lymphoblastic
leukemia, an internal Ca2+ recruitment pathway
CD71: for neuron development, serum ferritin receptors are needed for cellular iron uptake
CD19: phagocytic cell maturation is governed by a group of signaling.
pathway component, including CD19
CD20: the protein is essential for B cell development and differentiation to lymphoid cells
CD10: it is a neutral endopeptidase which inactivates several peptides
CD45RA: the CD45 antigen is a receptor protein with tyrosine phosphatase activity, also known as the Ly-5 or leukocyte common antigen
CD123: a component of a homodimer cytokines sensor that is particular
for cytokines |
| | Melanoma cancer | CD20+, CD271+,
AldehydeDehydrogenase+, CD133+ | CD271 marker to identify mesenchymal stem cells. It mediates the stemness of melanoma cells and serves as a regulator of metastasis |
| | Bladder cancer | CD44v6+, CD44+,
ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE+ | CD44v6 is involved in cell cycle progression and cell attachment |
| | Ovarian cancer | CD24+, AldehydeDehydrogenase+,
CD44+/CD117+,
EpCAM+, CD133+ | CD117 expression has a pathogenic role in many malignancies, including ovarian carcinoma |
| | Pancreas cancer | Aldehyde Dehydrogenase+, CD133+,
CD44+/CD24+/EpCAM+,
ABCG2+, CXCR4+, | ABCG2: the ABC carrier subfamily is a set of biological membranes that
serve as a factor in the antibiotic resistance of CSCs |
| | Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas cancer | Aldehyde Dehydrogenase+, CD44+,
CD166+ | – | | Gallbladder cancer | CD44+/CD133+ | – |
| | Renal cell carcinoma cancer | CD133+, AldehydeDehydrogenase+,
CXCR4+, CD44+,
CD105+ | CD105: it is involved in the regulation of angiogenesis, the process of forming new blood vessels. Prognostic marker in renal cancer |
| | Lung cancer | CD166+, CD90+,
CD87+, AldehydeDehydrogenase+,
CD44+, CD133+ | CD87: connected to cell membrane plasmin stimulation and local degradation of
extracellular environment. It is allied with many physiologic and pathologic events |
| | Malignant mesothelioma Cancer | CD9+,
CD24+,
CD26+ | CD9: glycosylated protein is involved in a range of cellular processes, including
such division, attachment, and signal transduction, as well as cancerous cells motion and metastasis
CD26: involved in glucose metabolism and immune system modulationHighly expressed in malignant mesothelioma compared to the benign tissues |
| | Oral squamous cell carcinoma cancer | CD44+/CD24,−
ITGA7+ | ITGA7: an adhesion molecule related to the cell relocation, morphogenesis, distinction, metastatic spread, delineation, and relocation during early embryogenesis |
| | Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cancer | CD44+, CD133+ | – | | Esophageal cancer | ITGA7+, CD44+,
AldehydeDehydrogenase+, CD133+,
CD90+ | – | | Multiple myeloma cancer | CD138−,
CD19+,
CD27+, | CD138: it is involved in cell–cell adhesion, cell migration, differentiation of plasma cells, and cell signaling processes
CD27: CD27 acts as a co-stimulatory molecule for T cells, enhancing their activation and proliferation |
| | Cervix cancer | ABCG2+, CD133+, CD49f+, AldehydeDehydrogenase+ | – |
| | Nasopharyngeal cancer | CD44+, CD133+, AldehydeDehydrogenase+, CD24+ | – |
| | Laryngeal cancer | Aldehyde Dehydrogenase+, CD44+, CD133+ | – |
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