Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Extracellular Vesicles: Therapeutic Potential in Organ Transplantation

Figure 3

Exosomes extracted from cardiomyocytes are used for immunorejection therapy. Extract cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells from myocardial tissue, perform in vitro culture and ultracentrifugation isolation, extract exosomes, and inject them into recipients or graft samples. Exosomes contain T cells that induce inflammation, endothelial activation, AMR, and helper cells, reducing immune rejection of grafts at recipients.