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| Antibody types | MRI | PET | SPECT |
| Regular MRI | fMRI |
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| NMDAR antibody | T2/FLAIR hyperintensity in the cortex and subcortical white matter areas, including temporal lobe, cerebellum, thalamus, basal ganglia, etc. | Bilateral functional connectivity of hippocampus decreased. DTI revealed widespread changes in white matter. The decrease of NAA is related to clinical improvement | A high to low metabolic gradient from the frontal lobe to the occipital lobe | Hyperperfusion in basal ganglia and cortex, especially frontal cortex |
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| Limbic encephalitis-related antibodies | T2/FLAIR hyperintensity in MTL. MTL and hippocampal volume from swelling to atrophy | Extensive damage to brain network connections. MRS showed that NAA decreased and lactate peak increased | MTL hypermetabolisma is the most common manifestation | Hypoperfusio-n in the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, thalamus, and cerebellum |
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| GABAAR antibody | Multifocal cortical-subcortical T2/FLAIR abnormalities, predominantly involved temporal and frontal lobes but also basal ganglia and other regions | MRS showed elevated lactate signals and Lac/creatine ratio in the voxel of interest | — | — |
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| CASPR2 antibody | T2/FLAIR hyperintensity in MTL and diffuse meningeal enhancement. Bilateral hippocampal and generalized cortical atrophy | — | Temporal hypermetabolism, temporomandibular, frontal and diffuse hypometabolism | — |
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| GAD antibody | Acute/subacute lesions usually presented as temporal lobe encephalitis with high T2/FLAIR signal and swelling of unilateral or bilateral medial temporal structures. Hippocampal atrophy is associated with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy | DTI showed wide range of effects in various regions of brain | Multiple hypermetabolism in brain tissue, mainly in the frontal or temporal lobes | — |
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| Anti-Hu antibody | The most common abnormality on MRI was T2/FLAIR hyperintensity in the temporal lobe and showed multifocal subcortical/subcortical lesions in patients with SCLC | — | High metabolism in one or two temporal lobes, only a small number of brain MRI cases are related to PET | SPECT scan revealed asymmetric cortical activity, but distinct seizure focus could not be identified |
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