Review Article

Atherosclerosis and Toll-Like Receptor4 (TLR4), Lectin-Like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein-1 (LOX-1), and Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type9 (PCSK9)

Table 1

Potential ligands for TLR4.

Endogenous ligandsExogenous ligands

Fibrinogen/fibrinFusion protein (RSV)
Heat shock proteinsLPS
Minimally modified LDLLipoteichoic acids
OxLDLTaxol
Heparan sulfateMannuronic acid polymers