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Study | Study period | Country | Study design | Head to head | No. of patients (M : F) | Age (years) | Follow-up time (months) | Lesion | Nuclear imaging | Reference standard |
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Piccardo et al. [15] | 2013.12–2017.1 | Italy | Pro | Yes | 18 (12 : 6) | 2.8 ± 1.6 (1–6) | 29.3 (19–53) | P; BM | 123I-MIBG SPECT/CT; 18F-FDOPA PET/CT | BMB pathology and CT and/or MRI follow-up |
Shahrokhi et al. [14] | NR | Iran | Pro | Yes | 15 (4 : 11) | 2–52 | NR | P | 123I-MIBG SPECT/CT; 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT | BMB pathology and FDG-PET/CT follow-up |
Yağcı-Küpeli et al. [16] | 2014.7–2017.12 | Turkey | Retro | NR | 15 (8 : 7) | 4 (1–14) | ≥6 | BM | 18F-FDG-PET/CT | BMB pathology and FDG-PET/CT follow-up |
Ishiguchi et al. [18] | 2012.6–2016.1 | Japan | Retro | Yes | 13 (7 : 6) | 2.9 ± 2.0 | NR | BM | 18F-FDG-PET/CT; 123I-MIBG SPECT; whole-body DWIBS | Histopathology, 123I-MIBG SPECT/CT, PET/CT, and BS |
Zapata et al. [38] | 2009.1–2014.10 | America | Retro | NR | 20 (8 : 12) | 3.8 (0.5–18) | NR | BM | 18F-FDG-PET/CT | BMB pathology and 18F-FDG-PET/CT |
Kundu et al. [39] | NR | India | Pro | Yes | 18 | NR | NR | P | 18F-FDG-PET; 131I-MIBG planar | Histopathology; CT |
Dhull et al. [17] | 2007.6–2012.12 | India | Retro | NR | 28 | 5.5 ± 5.6 | ≥6 | P | 18F-FDG-PET/CT; 131I-MIBG SPECT | Histopathology and/or clinical/imaging follow-up |
Choi et al. [19] | 2003.1–2010.8 | Korea | Retro | NR | 30 (18 : 12) | 2.7 | NR | P | 18F-FDG-PET/CT | Histopathology; clinical and imaging (123I-MIBG scans,99mTc-MDP BS) follow-up |
Gil et al. [20] | 2005.11–2013.1 | Korea | Retro | Yes | 8 (3 : 5) | 3.5 (2–5) | ≥6 | P; BM | 18F-FDG-PET/CT; 123I-MIBG SPECT | Histopathology; clinical and imaging (123I-MIBG scans, 99mTc-MDP BS) follow-up |
Piccardo et al. [22] | NR | Italy | Retro | Yes | 19 (4 : 15) | 1–41 | ≥4 | P + M | 123I-MIBG SPECT; 18F-FDOPA PET/CT | CT, MRI, histopathology, and clinical follow-up |
Lopci et al. [21] | NR | Italy | Retro | Yes | 21 (4 : 7) | 7.4 (0.3–38) | NR | P + M | 18F-FDOPA PET/CT; CT or MRI | Histopathology; clinical and imaging (123I-MIBG) follow-up |
Papathanasiou et al. [22] | 2004.11–2008.10 | United Kingdom | Pro | Yes | 28 (16 : 12) | 7.5 (2–45) | NR | BM | 18F-FDG-PET/CT; 123I-MIBG with/without SPECT/CT | Pathology and clinical follow-up |
Melzer et al. [24] | 2004.7–2010.7 | Germany | Retro | Yes | 19 (10 : 9) | 5.9 (0.7–19.1) | ≥6 | P + M | 18F-FDG-PET; 123I-MIBG SPECT; CT or MRI | Histopathology; clinical and imaging (123I-MIBG/FDG-PET/MR/CT) follow-up |
Kroiss et al. [41] | NR | Austria | Retro | Yes | 5 (0 : 5) | 3–62 | NR | P + M | 68Ga-DOTA-TOC; 123I-MIBG SPECT | Histopathology; CT and MRI |
Sharp et al. [40] | 2003.1–2007.10 | America | Retro | Yes | 60 (37 : 23) | 3.1 | NR | P + M | 123I-MIBG planar + SPECT; 18F-FDG-PET/CT | Urine catecholamines, histopathology, MIBG, and FDG-PET |
Vik et al. [25] | NR | America | Pro | NR | 100 (57 : 43) | 4.7 ± 6.9 (0.08–58) | NR | P | 123I-MIBG planar with/without SPECT/CT | Pathology and clinical follow-up |
Taggart et al. [42] | 2001–2005 | America | Retro | Yes | 14 | 1–30 | NR | BM | 123I-MIBG planar; 131I-MIBG planar; 18F-FDG-PET | Urine catecholamines, histopathology, MIBG, and 18F-FDG-PET |
Kushner et al. [26] | NR | America | Retro | No | 113 (70 : 43) | NR | 18 (5–53) | P + M | 131I-MIBG planar; 123I-MIBG planar | Histopathology, CT, bone scan, bone marrow biopsy, and follow-up |
Maghraby et al. [28] | NR | Saudi Arabia | Pro | NR | 21 (13 : 8) | 4.13 ± 4.06 (0.17–6) | NR | P | 123I-MIBG planar | Histopathology; clinical follow-up |
Syed et al. [27] | 1996–1999 | Pakistan | Retro | NR | 26 (18 : 8) | 5 ± 3 (0.7–17) | 12–36 | P; BM | 131I-MIBG planar | Histopathology; clinical and imaging (123I-MIBG scans,99mTc-MDP BS; CT; and US) follow-up |
Hashimot et al. [30] | NR | Japan | Pro | NR | 33 (20 : 13) | 0.6 (0.5–0.83) | NR | P | 123I-MIBG planar | Histopathology; clinical and imaging (123I- or131I-MIBG) follow-up |
Pfluger et al. [29] | NR | Germany | Retro | Yes | 28 (18 : 10) | 3.2 (0.1–11) | ≥6 | P + M | 123I-MIBG SPECT; MRI | Histopathological findings or follow-up control examinations |
Schilling et al. [31] | NR | Germany | Pro | NR | 88 (48 : 40) | 1.2 (0.1–24.2) | 38 (median) | P | 123I-MIBG planar;111In-pentetreotide planar | BMB pathology and CT and/or MRI follow-up |
Perel et al. [32] | 1985–1996 | France | Retro | NR | 30 | NR | 38 (7–120) | P | 131I- and 123I-MIBG planar | BMB pathology and FDG-PET/CT follow-up |
Rufini et al. [43] | 1991.5–1994.12 | Italy | Retro | Yes | 29 (19 : 10) | 2.6 (0.17–12) | NR | P; BM; P + M | 123I-MIBG planar and SPECT | Histopathology, CT, MR, US, bone scan, and bone marrow biopsy |
Hadj-Djilani et al. [34] | NR | Switzerland | Retro | NR | 27 (19 : 8) | 3.5 (0.03–24) | NR | P | 123I-MIBG planar | Histopathology |
Abrahamsen et al. [33] | 1984.9–1985.12 | Denmark | Retro | NR | 36 (20 : 16) | 3 (0.1–14.8) | NR | P | 131I- and 123I-MIBG planar | BMB pathology and 18F-FDG-PET/CT |
Lastoria et al. [44] | NR | Italy | Retro | NR | 28 (18 : 10) | 2.4 ± 2.1 | NR | P + M | 131I-MIBG planar; CT | Histopathology; clinical and 99mTc-MDP imaging (bone involvement) |
Corbett et al [45] | NR | United Kingdom | Retro | No | 19 (9 : 10) | 4.8 (0.5–13.6) | NR | BM | 123I-MIBG planar; MRI | Histopathology (bone marrow aspirate) and imaging (123I-MIBG, MRI, and 99mTc-MDP) |
Schmiegelow et al. [35] | NR | Finland | Pro | NR | 96 (57 : 39) | 2 (0.9–5.6) | NR | P; BM | 131I- and 123I-MIBG planar | Histopathology; clinical and imaging (123I-MIBG scans, and 99mTc-MDP BS) follow-up |
Hoefnagel et al. [37] | NR | The Netherlands | Retro | NR | 94 (50 : 44) | 0–52 | NR | P | 18F-FDG-PET/CT; 123I-MIBG planar with/without SPECT/CT | Pathology and clinical follow-up |
Feine et al. [36] | 1985–1987 | Germany | Retro | No | 36 | NR | NR | P; BM; P + M | 131I-MIBG planar | Histopathology, clinical follow-up |
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