[Retracted] Hydrogen Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) in Differential Diagnosis of Intracranial Tumors: A Systematic Review

Table 1

Features of the included studies.

Author	Years	Country and territories	Study design	Sample size	Age median (range) years	Field strength	Tumor types (n)	Area	Measurement	NOS
Chiang [7]	2004	Taiwan	Prospective	26	25–76	3.0T	HGG (n = 14) brain metastasis (n = 12)	Tumoral core peritumoral	Cho/Cr, NAA/Cr	6
Law [8]	2002	Australian	NA	51	51.9 (15–80)	1.5T	HGG (n = 13) brain metastasis (n = 18)	Tumoral core peritumoral	Cho/Cr, Cho/NAA, NAA/Cr	7
Fan [9]	2004	China	NA	22	46.7 (32–62)	2.0T	HGG (n = 14) brain metastasis (n = 8)	Tumoral core peritumoral	Cho/Cr, Cho/NAA, NAA/Cr	7
Tsougos [10]	2012	Greece	Prospective	49	32–73	3.0T	HGG (n = 35) brain metastasis (n = 14)	Tumoral core peritumoral	Cho/Cr, Cho/NAA, NAA/Cr	7
Server [11]	2011	Norway	NA	74	NA	1.5T	LGG (n = 15) HGG (n = 59)	Tumoral core peritumoral	Cho/Cr, Cho/NAA	6
Caivano [12]	2013	Italy	Prospective	60	67 (33–86) 56 (30–81)	3.0T	LGG (n = 14) HGG (n = 32) brain metastasis (n = 14)	Tumoral core peritumoral	Cho/Cr, Cho/NAA, NAA/Cr	7
Yao [13]	2021	China	Retrospective	209	0–14	1.5/3.0T	LGG (n = 143) HGG (n = 66)	Tumoral core	Cho/Cr, Cho/NAA, NAA/Cr	7
Sahin [14]	2013	Turkey	NA	20	46.86 (29–64) 38.17 (28–57)	3.0T	LGG (n = 14) HGG (n = 6)	Tumoral core	Cho/Cr	6
Metwally [15]	2014	Egypt	NA	22	34.4 (15–63)	1.5T	LGG (n = 14) HGG (n = 8)	Tumoral core	Cho/NAA	6

HGG means high-grade glioma and LGG means low-grade glioma.