Ketamine Promotes LPS-Induced Pulmonary Autophagy and Reduces Apoptosis through the AMPK/mTOR Pathway

Figure 2

Apoptosis increased after LPS treatment of AEC II cells. (a) CCK8 assay was used to detect the AEC II cell viability. Cell viability significantly increased after treatment with 1 mmol/L ketamine. (b) TUNEL staining was used to detect the AEC II apoptosis rate, and statistical analysis of the positive rate. The TUNEL positive ACEII cells in the LPS group was obviously increased, while rate in the LPS + ketamine group decreased. (c) qRT-PCR was used to detect mRNA changes in Bax and Bcl-2 expression levels in AEC II cells. Ketamine increased mRNA expression of Bcl-2, while reduced Bax level. (d) WB was used to detect protein changes in Bax and Bcl-2 expression levels in AEC II cells and gray value analysis. Ketamine increased protein level of Bcl-2, while reduced Bax. (“” indicates that compared with the Control group, “#” indicates that compared with LPS group ).

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