Ketamine Promotes LPS-Induced Pulmonary Autophagy and Reduces Apoptosis through the AMPK/mTOR Pathway

Figure 3

Increased inflammation and autophagy intensity after LPS treatment of AEC II cells. (a)–(c) ELISA assay was used to detect changes in IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in supernatant. The expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the LPS group was increased, while the expression in the LPS + ketamine group was obviously decreased. (d) qRT-PCR was used to detect mRNA changes in Beclin-1 and p62 expression levels in AEC II cells. Ketamine increased Beclin-1 mRNA expression and inhibited P62 mRNA expression in AEC II cells. (e) WB was used to detect protein changes in Beclin-1 and p62 expression levels in AEC II cells and gray value analysis. Ketamine increased Beclin-1 protein expression and inhibited P62 protein expression in AEC II cells. (“” indicates that compared with the Control group, “#” indicates that compared with LPS group ).

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